The Italian Papacy: Spanish Pope Rodrigo Borgia (Alexander VI), Italian Pope Giuliano della Rovere (Julius II), and Italian Friar Girolamo Savonarola – The Fractured Italian State Prior to Unification, the Reason the Italian Organized Criminal Syndicates (Mafia) Developed, the Most Important States of Italy Throughout History and Their Controlling Families, Many Popes Having Multiple Children Prior to the 19th Century, Popes Unable to Marry But Permitted to Have Children Throughout History, Italian Pope Francesco della Rovere’s (Sixtus IV) Problems With the de’ Medici Family, the Suggested Plan to Resolve This Problem, the Concept of the “Pazzi Conspiracy”, the Etymology of the “Pazzi Conspiracy”, the Attack of Italian Statesperson Lorenzo de’ Medici and the Assassination of Italian Politician Giuliano de’ Medici (Lorenzo de’ Medici’s Brother), the Reason Borgia Was Unable to Obtain the Papacy Legitimately, the Person Borgia Bribed to Become Pope, Borgia Becoming Pope, Borgia Becoming Spanish Pope Alexander VI and Installing His Children Into the Highest Ranks of Catholic Office, How Borgia Developed Alliances With Foreign Territories, the Person Who Was the Catalyst for the Brazilian Public to Begin Speaking Portuguese, Borgia Connected to Both Financial and Sexual Criminal Offences, the Sex Workers Present During Borgia’s Il Ballo delle Castagne (the Dance of the Chestnuts) (the Banquet of Chestnuts), the Method Bogria Exploited to Purchase Favor From Italian Governor of Carbognano Giulia Farnese (Borgia’s Mistress), the Age of Borgia and Farnese During Their Romantic Relationship, the Number of Children Giulia Had With Borgia, Contradictions Within Catholic Christianity, Borgia Acting as a Patron for the Arts During the Late 15th Century and 16th Century, the Person the Modern Day Image of Jesus Christ is Predicated Upon, the Rivalry Between Borgia and della Rovere, della Rovere Plotting the Demise of Borgia, the Reason della Rovere Left Italy and Migrated to France in in 1494 A.D., della Rovere Convincing French King Charles VIII to Capture Naples, Italy and Destabilize Borgia’s Administration, the French Military Invading Rome, Italy, Borgia Refusing to Capitulate to Charles VIII, How Borgia Persuaded Charles VIII to Relent, della Rovere Upset With Charles VIII’s Decision to Leave Borgia’s Administration Intact, the Vow of Chastity, Poverty, and Obedience for Savonarola, Savonarola’s View of the Renaissance (1300 A.D. – 1600), the Person Savonarola Blamed for the Invasion of the French Military Within Naples, the Reason Savonarola Was Viewed as a Prophet During the 15th Century, Savonarola Leveraging the Great Artwork of the Catholic Church to Demonstrate His Views, Savonarola Developing a Mass Following Within Florence, Italy, Savonarola’s Bonfire of Frivolous Items in 1497 A.D., the Concept of the “Bonfire of the Vanities”, Florentine Residents Flocking to the Bonfire of the Vanities, Borgia Proclaiming That the Bonfire of the Vanities Was a Declaration of War Against the Vatican, Borgia Excommunicating Savonarola and Destroying His Following, Supporters of Borgia Demanding the Death of Savonarola, the Execution of Savonarola, the Method Utilized for Savonarola’s Execution, the Death of Borgia, the Person Who Replaced Borgia, the Reason della Rovere Was Selected for the Papacy in 1503, della Rovere Working Tirelessly to Invalidate the Work Setup by Borgia, the Person della Rovere Imprisoned and Executed Post the Death of Borgia, della Rovere Devoting Himself to Destroying the Reputation of the Borgia Family, the Lack of Conclusive Evidence of Incest Within the Borgia Family, the Reason della Rovere Demonized the Borgia Family and Sequestered Their Living Quarters Within the Vatican, the Re-Opening of These Living Quarters During the 19th Century, the Person Who Commissioned the Cappella Sistina (Sistine Chapel), the Reason della Rovere Was Incentivized to Have Italian Sculptor Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (Michelangelo) Finish the Capella Sistina, della Rovere Ascending the Papacy to its Highest Position of Authority Until This Point, the Death of della Rovere and the Person Who Replaced Him as Pope, the Inauguration Party of Italian Pope Giovanni di Lorenzo de’ Medici (Leo X) (Lorenzo de’ Medici’s Son and Giuliano de’ Medici’s Nephew), the Death of a Paggio (Page) (Young Household Attendant) Designed to be a Living Statue at This Inauguration Party, the View of This Death by Those in Attendance, the Catholic Church Becoming Morally and Economically Bankrupt by the End of the 16th Century, Borgia Helping Ascend the Catholic Church Into a Thriving Financial Institution, and the Catholic Church Acting as a Repository for Beautiful and Valuable Works of Art Throughout History and During the Modern Day