The Mathematical Inventions of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi
7 years ago
The mathematical concept of algorithms were developed by and subsequently named after Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (pronounced “moo-ham-mad ih-bin moo-sah al kwar-iz-me”), an Islamic scholar who lived during the 8th century. The concept of algorithms arrived in Europe in the 12th century and al-Khwarizmi’s name was translated to Latin which is where the term “algorithm” is derived. al-Khwarizmi also introduced the western world to the decimal system and introduced reduction and balancing methods (e.g. like and unlike terms) causing al-Khwarizmi to become referred to as the ”father and founder of algebra”. The term “algebra” is derived from the Arabic term “al-jabr” which means “reunion of broken parts”. al-Khwarizmi invented and used algebra to solve quadratic equations and it has been stated throughout history that the ideas that al-Khwarizmi developed, helped usher in the European Renaissance during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries
Share This Interesting Fact: The Persons Who Conquered the European and Asian Continents, the Various Names of Uzbekistan Amir (Commander/Prince) Timur ibn Taraghai Barlas (Timur) (Tamerlane), the Reason Barlas Possessed Various Disparate Names and the Etymology of “Tamerlane”, One of the Primary Strategies Barlas Utilized During Siege Conflicts, How Civilians Were Executed Post Barlas Breaching a City, the Number of Persons Who Wrote Plays and Operas Upon the Subject of Barlas, the Reason Barlas’ Gravesite Was Exhumed in 1941, the Reason the Architecture Produced by Barlas Was Poorly Constructed and Unstable, the Motivational Strategy Barlas Utilized to Construct Architecture and the Reason This Strategy Had a Paradoxical Effect, the Death of Barlas and the Collapse of the Timurid Empire, the Sarcophagus of Barlas and the Largest Piece of Black Jade Discovered, the Location Barlas is Buried, the Only Persons Permitted to Visit the Gur-e-Amir Mausoleum Complex (Tomb of the King), the Reason Barlas Preferred Being Outdoors and the Reason Barlas Constructed Architecture, the Person Who Developed the Concept of “Algorithms” and the Period When Algorithms Were Imported Into Europe, the Mathematical Concepts Uzbekistan Polymath Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi Imported Into Europe During the 9th Century, the Etymology of “Algebra” (Reunion of Broken Parts/Completion), the Mathematical Concepts al-Khwarizmi Leveraged Algebra to Solve, and al-Khwarizmi’s Contribution to the Renaissance Within Europe Date May 12, 2021 In relation to Interesting Facts The Ascendance, Zenith, and Collapse of Islam Within al‑Andalus, Spain Between the 7th Century A.D. – 17th Century: The Religion of the Monarchs Who Destroyed Islam Within Grenada, Spain, the Number of Persecuted and Expelled Muslims From Spain During the Early 17th Century, the Collapse of 7 Centuries of Islam Within Spain, the Construction of the al-Qalʻat al-Ḥamrāʼ (the Red Fortress) (Alhambra Palace/Fortress), the Etymology of “Alhambra” (the Red One), the Reason the Alhambra is a Puzzling Enigma for Historians During the Modern Day, the Method Spanish Emirate Monarch Mohammed ibn Yusuf Ben Nasr Utilized to Design al-Qalʻat al-Ḥamrāʼ and the Benefit of This Formula, How Geometric Triangles Were Used to Create Geometric Squares During the Design of the al-Qalʻat al-Ḥamrāʼ, Virtually Everything Within the al-Qalʻat al-Ḥamrāʼ Built Using This Geometric Method, the Correlation Between Music and Architecture, the Origin of Islam, the Revelations Provided to Saudi Arabian Merchant Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib (the Prophet Muhammad) Becoming the Islamic Quran (the Recitation), the Reason Muhammad Founded Medina, Saudi Arabia, the Concept of “Ratzia” (Military Raid), Islam Becoming Disseminated Across Iran (Persia) During the Mid 7th Century A.D., Islam Becoming Disseminated Across the Middle East and North Africa During the Mid 7th Century A.D., Islam Focusing Upon Territorial Expansion and Education During the 7th Century A.D., One of the First Revelations of Muhammad Being Related to Education, the Clerics of the Majority of Religions Between the 4th Century A.D. – 13th Century A.D. Attempting to Maintain Complete Control of Knowledge and Literacy, the Reason Islam Became Rapidly Propagated and Disseminated Across the Middle East and North Africa, the Concept of Islamic “Madrasa” (Place of Study), Spanish Poet/Writer Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Saʿīd ibn ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad al‑Salmānī’s (Lisān al‑Dīn Ibn al‑Khaṭīb) Islamic Poem Reference Related to the Encouragement of Education, Islamic Knowledge Translated Into Book Publications Permitting the Dissemination of This Information Internationally, Islam Embracing Science and Mathematics Between the 8th Century A.D. – 14th Century A.D., Islamic Nomads Collecting Information From Disparate Cultures and Societies Between the 7th Century A.D. – 10th Century A.D., the Reason the Arab’s Continually Learned From the Ancient Greeks, Various Ancient Greek Concepts Originating in Ancient Egypt, the Arab Invasion of Alexandria, Egypt in 641 A.D. Providing Islam Access to the Most Extensive Compendium of Knowledge World Wide, the View of Western Texts Within the Middle East Between the 5th Century A.D. – 12th Century A.D., Christians Becoming Skeptical of Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman Pagan Texts Between the 1st Century A.D. – 7th Century A.D., the Reason Macedonian Emperor of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus (Justinian I) Suppressed and Abolished Virtually All Athenian Educational Institutions of Philosophy, the Advent of the Astrolabe (Astronomical Calculator and Navigation Tool), the Usage of the Astrolabe, How the Astrolabe Works, European Science Between the 8th Century A.D. – 12th Century A.D. vs Islamic Science Between the 8th Century A.D. – 12th Century A.D., the Subjective Evidence and Quote of Syrian Poet Usāmah ibn Murshid ibn ʿAlī ibn Munqidh Related to Christian Medicine During the 12th Century A.D., the Location Surgery Was Performed Within During the 10th Century A.D. and 11th Century A.D., the Most Well Renowned Surgeon in Córdoba During the Late 10th Century A.D. and Early 11th Century A.D., Spanish Physician Abū al‑Qāsim Khalaf ibn al‑Abbās al‑Zahrāwī (Abu Cassis) (Albucasis) (al-Zahrawi) Developing the Cassis Method of Tracheotomy (Open Airway), the Reason Many Impoverished People Could Read in Córdoba During the 10th Century A.D. and 11th Century A.D., the Reason Islam Promoted Education for All Practitioners, the Advent of Rent and Royalties (Usage Rights Payment), the Impact of These Concepts Upon Agricultural Workers, the Usage of Royalties During the Modern Day, the Year Spanish Emir (Commander) of Córdoba Abd al‑Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh (Abdul Rahman III) Became the Emir of Córdoba, al‑Raḥmān Declaring Himself the Caliph (Successor) of Islam, al‑Raḥmān Reshaping Islamic Spain to Become a Key Position of Influence and Authority for Islam, the Person Who Constructed the Madinat al‑Zahra (the Radiant City), How al‑Raḥmān Convinced Others That He Could Levitate, the 3 Cultures Which Developed End Rhyme Poetry by the 7th Century A.D., the Importance of Poetry Within Islam, the Subject al‑Raḥmān Focused Upon Instead of State Security, the Reason al‑Raḥmān’s Military Was Mercenary Based and the Problem With This Strategy, al‑Raḥmān’s Mercenary Military Leading to the Collapse of the Caliphate Within Córdoba, the Person Who Usurped Spanish Scholar Hisham ibn al‑Ḥakam’s (al‑Raḥmān’s Grandson) Title of Caliph, the Caliphate Dissolving During the Fitna of al-Andalus (the Civil Strife of al‑Andalus) (1009 A.D. – 1031 A.D.), the Caliphate Fracturing Into Taifa (Faction) States, and the Sacking and Plundering of Medina Al-Zahra Date May 12, 2021 In relation to Interesting Facts The Iberian Peninsula of Spain and the Conflict Between Christians, Muslims, and Jews During the Dark Ages (476 A.D. – 1066 A.D.): The Reason the Visigoth Attacked Rome, Italy in 410 A.D., Barbarian Tribes From Across Europe Attacking the Roman Empire During the 5th Century A.D., the Historical Accuracy of the Term “Dark Ages”, the Pillaging and Destruction of Great Classic Literature and Ancient Roman Libraries During the 5th Century A.D., the Location the Visigoths Reached in 476 A.D., the Jewish Mythology of How Toledo, Spain Was Founded, the Etymology of “Toledo”, Evidence of Jewish Merchants Within Toledo During the 1st Century A.D., the Constant Conflict Between Visigoths and the Jews in 589 A.D., the Sources the Majority of Historical Evidence Related to the Visigoths is Derived From, the European Public’s View of Judaism and Jews During the 5th Century A.D., Islam Expanding Within North Africa During the 7th Century A.D., the Ambiguity of the Origin of the Imazighen (Free/Noble People) Ethnic Group of North Africa, the Reason Many North Africans Were Willing to Subscribe to Islam, the Arabs Leveraging Imazighen (Berber) Soldiers to Expand the Islamic Empire into Europe, the Ethnicity of the Majority of Soldiers Who Invaded the Iberian Peninsula, the Period When Islam Was Imported Into Europe, the Number of Soldiers Commanded by Algerian Military Commander Tariq Ibn Ziyad, the Number of Soldiers the Visigoths Brought to the Battle of Guadalete (711 A.D.) vs the Number of Soldiers the Arabs Brought to the Battle of Guadalete, the Result of the Battle of Guadalete, the Views of the Arabs by the Jews Within the Iberian Peninsula, the Name the Arabs Provided to the Iberian Peninsula in 732 A.D., the Status Provided to Christians and Jews by the Arabs Within the Iberian Peninsula During the 7th Century A.D., the Reason the Arabs Afforded These Rights and Protections to Christians and Jews, Political and Religious Societal Tensions Fomenting Against the Arab Occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, the Fracture of Arab Muslims Within the Iberian Peninsula, the Imazighen Revolting Against the Arab Aristocracy, the Reason Syrian Member of the Umayyad Dynasty (661 A.D. – 750 A.D.) Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu’awiya ibn Hisham Migrated to North Africa, al-Rahman Exchanging One Conflict for Another During This Migration, al-Rahman Igniting an Insurrection at the Battle of al-Musara (756 A.D.), the Result of the Battle of al-Musara and the Title al-Rahman Provided Himself, the Person Who Constructed the Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba (Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba) (Great Mosque of Córdoba), the Purpose of the Mirab of the Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba, the Craftspersons Who Constructed the Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba, the Iberian Peninsula Becoming an Important Hub of Commerce During the 9th Century A.D., the Cultures Which Imported Goods into the Iberian Peninsula for Trade, the Reason Many Christian Visigoth’s Converted to Islam in 850 A.D., the Development of Rebellion Within Córdoba, Spain, the Result of a Series of Conflicts Occurring Within the Iberian Peninsula During the 9th Century A.D., the Person Who Controlled the Iberian Peninsula During the 10th Century A.D., the First Caliph Within the Islamic Caliphate and the Concept of the “Caliph” (Successor), the Reason Spanish Umayyad Dynasty Member ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam al-Rabdī ibn Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Dākhil (al-Rahman III) Was Able to Construct Architecture and Infrastructural Improvements During the 10th Century A.D., the Amenities the Iberian Peninsula Possessed During the 10th Century A.D., al-Rahman III Sending and Receiving Envoys Employing Both Christians and Jews, the Person al-Rahman III Sent to Germany in 955 A.D., the Reason al-Rahman III Was Able to Establish a Relationship With German Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, Spanish Secretary to the Caliph of Córdoba Rabi ibn Sid al-Usquf or Rabi ibn Zaid (Recemundus) Regailing Otto I With Stories of the Iberian Peninsula, the Person Who is Believed to Have Cured al-Rahman III of Illness, the Mutually Beneficial Relationship Between al-Rahman III and Spanish Scholar Hasdai ibn Shaprut, the Reason Shaprut Played a Significant Role Within the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba, the Person Who Translated Great Arab and Christian Publications, the Reason Shaprut Was Able to Bridge the Divide Between Arabic and Latin Publications, Turkish Physician Pedanius Dioscorides Researching and Recording Botanical Medicines, Shaprut Working to Translate the Publications of Dioscorides, the First Notable Individual Who Perpetuated Jewish Poets and Poetry, One of the Largest Libraries in the World Constructed During the 10th Century, the First Step Within the Process of Constructing the Gran Biblioteca de Córdoba (Great Library of Córdoba), the Arabs Leveraging the Aqueducts of the Ancient Roman Empire to Develop Agriculture, the Advent of the Arab Garden, the Instability of the Iberian Peninsula in 976 A.D., Civil Conflict Erupting Within the Iberian Peninsula, the Destruction of Córdoba, the Iberian Peninsula Fracturing and the Concept of “Taifas” (Faction), Spanish Prime Minister of the Taifa of Granada Samuel Ibn Naghrillah Migrating to Malaga, Spain, Concepts Explored Within the Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah fī al-Ulfa wa al-Ullāf (the Ring of the Dove, Concerning Love and Lovers) Publication, the Political Office Naghrillah Wrote Letters On Behalf of, the Reason Naghrillah Was Promoted Within the Royal Court of Grenada, Spain, Spanish Scholar Ibn Hazm Not Experiencing the Same Level of Success Naghrillah Aquired, the Location Hazm Settled With His Family in 1031 A.D., the Person Assigned to Lead the Granadan Military in 1057 A.D., the Reason Hazm Was Arrested and Detained in 1042 A.D., the View of Hazm Post Arrest, the Pursuits of Hazm Post Release From Prison, the Person Who Wrote the First Comparative Study of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, Hazm Possessing a Fervent Desire to Study and Discuss Theology, Hazm’s View of Naghralla During Late Adulthood, Hazm’s Works Finding Fault With Christian and Jewish Scripture But Not With Islamic Scripture, Northern Arab Controlled Regions of the Iberian Peninsula Appealing to Northern Europeans for Military Support, the Complexity of the Relationship Alliances Between the Arabs and Northern Europeans, the Spanish Public Demanding Purification of Religion and Land Within the Iberian Peninsula, the Person Who Sought to Religiously Purify Spain in 1063 A.D., the Person Who Mobilized a Faction of Arab Muslims to Challenge the Influence and Authority of Christians and Jews Within the Iberian Peninsula, the Violent Attack Against Jews and Naghrillah, the Fallacy of Medieval Chronicle’s Tabulating the Death Rate Within the Iberian Peninsula During the 11th Century A.D., the Concept of “Reconquista” (Reconquest), the Person Who Conquered Toledo in 1085 A.D. Multiple Christian Sieges of Islamic Occupied Territory Occurring Within the Iberian Peninsula During the 11th Century A.D., the Reason Toledo Was Significant for Christians and Muslims During the 11th Century A.D., Spanish King Alfonso VI Recognizing the Value of the Libraries of Toledo, the Nickname of “Alfonso VI”, the Region the Arabs of Seville, Spain Appealed to for Military Support, the View of the Arabs by the Imazighen Migrating to the Iberian Peninsula, One of the Most Difficult and Violent Periods Within the History of the Iberian Peninsula, How the Imazighen’s Implemented Islamic Reformation Within the Iberian Peninsula, the Reason it is Understood During the Modern Day Which Texts Were Lost During This Violent Period (1086 A.D. – 1147 A.D.), the Number of Texts Which Survived This Violent Period, the Ultimate Goal of the Almohad’s Within the Iberian Peninsula, the Forced Exodus of Christians and Jews Within the Iberian Peninsula During the 12th Century A.D., the Reason Muslims Within the Iberian Peninsula Began Migrating to Christian States, the Group Which Established Islamic Scholarship Within Christian States, the Launch of the First Crusade (1096 A.D. – 1099 A.D.), One of the Greatest Jewish Philosophers in History, Spanish Physician Moses Ben Maimon (Maimonides/Moses Sepharadi) Migrating to Egypt, the Work Produced by Maimon During the 12th Century A.D., the Reason Ancient Greek Philosopher Aristoteles (Aristotle) (No Last Name) Was Viewed as Controversial During the 12th Century A.D., the Person Who Harmonized Ancient Greek Philosophy and Islam, the Commonality of the Problem of Unifying Science and Religious Scripture Throughout History, How the Catholic Church Constructed Teachings Based Upon the Work of Aristoteles, the Resource Italian Priest Thomas Aquinas and His Contemporaries Utilized Whilst Developing Theologic Works Predicated Upon Aristotelian Philosophy, the Person Who Helped Develop the Christian Doctrine and Christian Views of the Modern Day, the Person Who Traveled to Toledo to Study Islamic Texts, How These Texts Were Translated Into Various Languages, the Texts Which Acted as a Catalyst for the European Renaissance (14th Century A.D. – 17th Century) During the 14th Century A.D., the Battle of Alarcos in 1195 A.D., the Location Each Side of the Battle of Alarcos Conflict Met and the Number of Casualties During This Conflict, the Result of the Battle of Alarcos, the Person Who Declared Spain a “Crusading Territory” (Region Targeted During the Crusades) During the 13th Century, the Victor of the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 A.D., the Number of Casualties During the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, the End of Almohad Occupation Within the Iberian Peninsula, Christian Militias Capturing Córdoba in 1236 A.D., the Significance of This Loss for Muslims Within Córdoba During the 13th Century A.D., the Person Who Converted the Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba Into a Catholic Cathedral, Virtually All Muslim Controlled City States Within the Iberian Peninsula Rapidly Conquered by Christian Militias During the 13th Century A.D., the Person Who Established an Independent Muslim State Within Grenada in 1238 A.D. and the Last Surviving Islamic Dynasty Within Spain, the Fortification and Economy of Grenada During the 13th Century A.D., the Length of Time Spanish Emir of Grenada Muhammad Ibn Nasr’s Islamic State Lasted Within Spain, the Reason Grenada’s Population of Muslims Was Large During the 13th Century A.D., the Reason Christian Militias Permitted Specific Islamic Craftspeople to Stay Post Capturing a City State, the Concept of “Mudejars” (One Permitted to Remain), the Benefit of Christian Occupation for Jews Within the Iberian Peninsula, Jewish Languages Spoken Within the Iberian Peninsula During the 13th Century A.D. vs Christian Languages Spoken Within the Iberian Peninsula During the 13th Century A.D., the Largest Christian Kingdom Within the Iberian Peninsula During the 13th Century A.D., the Person Who Devised a Master Code of Legal Legislation to Cover the Diverse Population of the Iberian Peninsula, the Punishment for Converting to Judaism and Islam During the 13th Century A.D., This Master Code of Legal Legislation Providing Protectionary Status for Jews and Muslims Within Christian Occupied Territories of the Iberian Peninsula, the Stipulation Which Allowed Jews and Muslims to Govern Themselves During the 13th Century A.D., Spanish King Alfonso X’s Affinity for Islamic Poetry and Islamic Arts, the Nickname of “Alfonso X”, the Arrival of the Bubonic Plague Within the Iberian Peninsula, All Religions Affected Equally During the Bubonic Plague (1347 A.D. – 1349 A.D.), the Volume of Europeans Who Died Due to the Bubonic Plague, the Propaganda Utilized to Punish Jews as Scapegoats for the Bubonic Plague, the European View of the Bubonic Plague and God During the 14th Century A.D., the Reason the Bubonic Plague Helped Aid Muslims Within the Iberian Peninsula, the Person Who Expanded the al-Qalʻat al-Ḥamrāʼ (the Red Fortress) (Alhambra) Palace, the Reason the Layout of the al-Qalʻat al-Ḥamrāʼ Does Not Make Logical Sense, the Islamic Scripture Carved into the Interior of the al-Qalʻat al-Ḥamrāʼ Palace, the Reason Islamic Craftspersons Were Imported to Remodel the al-Qaṣr (the Castle/Palace) (Royal Alcázar of Seville), the Craftspersons Spanish Treasurer Samuel Ha-Levi Utilized to Construct the Sinagoga del Tránsito (Synagogue of the Transit) Place of Jewish Worship, Grenada Becoming a Tributary City State, the Invasion of Constantinople, Turkey by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 A.D., the Last Surviving Bastion of the Byzantine Empire, How the Kingdoms of Castile, Spain, León, Spain, and Aragon, Spain Were United in 1469 A.D., the Persons Who United Christians Within Spain During the 15th Century A.D., the Person Who Initiated the Spanish Inquisition (1478 A.D. – 1834), the Original Intent of the Spanish Inquisition and the Evolving View of Religious Persecution During the Spanish Inquisition, the Person Who Was Appointed Inquisitor General During the Spanish Inquisition, the Role of Spanish Friar Tomas de Torquemada During the Spanish Inquisition, the Reason Christian Militias Captured the City States Surrounding Grenada in 1487 A.D., the Spanish Sultan of Grenada Who Abandoned Islam for Christianity, the Reason Spanish Sultan of Grenada Abu Abdallah Muhammad XII (Boabdil) Became an Ally of the Castilians in 1483 A.D., Abu Abdallah Muhammad XII’s Fluctuating Allegiance Within the Nasrid Dynasty’s (1232 A.D. – 1492 A.D.) Civil Conflict, the Last Conquered Islamic City State Within the Iberian Peninsula, the Reason Christian Militias Had the Legal Ability to Capture Grenada, the Person Who Allegedly Provided the Keys to Grenada to Spanish King Ferdinand II and Spanish Queen Isabella I (Ferdinand II’s Wife), the Legislation Which Forced Christian Conversion or Expulsion for All Muslims and Jews Within the Iberian Peninsula, the Musical Instrument Played as Jews Migrated Out of the Iberian Peninsula in 1492 A.D., Portuguese Philosopher Judah Abravanel’s Quote to His Son, How Converts Held Onto Their Jewish Heritage During the 15th Century A.D., 16th Century, and 17th Century, and the Expulsion of 500,000 Jews Post Converting to Christianity Date May 12, 2021 In relation to Interesting Facts
