Thomas Harriot observed sunspots in 1610 but did not publish his work. In 1612 Harriot recorded that after having viewed the sun, his sight was “dim for an hour”. Oxford University astronomer John Greaves is quoted as stating that after sun observations, he would see afterimages which looked like a flock of crows within his field of vision. Sir Isaac Newton attempted to look at the sun in a mirror, which blinded him for 3 days and caused him to experience afterimages for months
Steve Jobs affected and subsequently disrupted the computer industry, the motion picture industry, the music industry, and the telecommunucations industry, all within a single lifespan. This achievement places Jobs at the status of a world renowned icon, a person like Thomas Edison who affected all of the same industries as well, swapping only the computer industry for the electric industry. Edison invented the incandescent light bulb for the electric industry, the phonograph for the music industry, and the motion picture camera for the film industry, and improved the telegraph and telephone for the telecommunications industry. Jobs developed the Macintosh computer for the computer industry, the animation studio Pixar for the film industry, the iPod and iTunes for the music industry, and the iPhone for the telecommunications industry
OpenAI’s artificial intelligence “ChatGPT” is named as such because of the acronym “GPT” which stands for “generative pre-trained transformer”. The generative pre-trained transformer provides the characteristics of any large language model like ChatGPT. The term “generative” refers to an artificial intelligences “ability to generate new content which is similar to the data sets it was trained upon”. The term “pre-trained” refers to the “practice of artificial intelligence models being fine tuned for specific tasks, a pre-training phase in which the large language model learns from a vast amount of text data which helps the model understand language patterns and contexts”. The term “transformer” refers to the transformer architecture which is a “neural network design that relies upon a mechanism referred to as “attention” to weigh the influence of different parts of the input data”. This transformer architecture is particularly effective for tasks which involve understanding the context of language (e.g. language translation or answering questions etc.) which is why artificial intelligence models are able to understand human language in a deep and complex way
The colors of the aurora borealis are layered with violet at the bottom, green in the middle, and red at the top, which signifies the structure of the atmosphere. Just as different chemicals create different colored flames (e.g. propane always producing a blue flame etc.), so too do photons bouncing around in the atmosphere off of different elements present. Nitrogen glows violet in a band at the bottom and oxygen glows green and red, creating a curtain 400 kilometers in length
On September 1st and September 2nd in 1859 the Carrington Event occurred. English Astronomer Richard Carrington was reviewing an image of the sun when he noticed a bright flash upon the imagery. Carrington did not know what this anomaly was but soon learned first hand as approximately 20 hours later, chaos ensued. 200,000 kilometers of telegraph wire across the world collapsed, plugged in electrical items began to arc and produce power even when unplugged, batteries recharged without a power source, compass needles went haywire, and the Aurora Borealis could be viewed all across the world, in places which would never normally bare witness to such an event (e.g. Cuba and India etc.). This incident will inevitably occur again which is why the U.S. government is constructing the Thirty Meter Telescope upon Mauna Kea at an altitude of 10,000‘ and the reason the Parker Solar Probe was sent to the sun in 2018. Mauna Kea means “white mountain” in ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, the Hawaiian language. The rational of the U.S. government is that the Carrington Event affected the world greatly when electricity was in its infancy, therefore how much greater would it affect the modern world with the knowledge that many objects during the modern day are connected to the internet and/or are electrical in some capacity. The Carrington Event is the first mass coronal ejection reported in history
The telegraph was invented in 1836, and within 8 years, the first Morse code message was sent which occurred on May 24, 1844 when Samuel Morse sent the first ever message which stated “what hath God wrought!”
The first reported attempted extraterrestrial abduction of a human being occurred in Stockton, United States of America in 1896. On November 27, 1896, it was reported within the Stockton version of the Daily Mail news publication that while driving within the Californian countryside through Lodi, United States of America, Colonel Henry Gould Shaw stumbled upon a landed extraterrestrial spacecraft with intelligent life. Shaw claims he was approached by 3 slender humanoid creatures, each nearly 7′ tall, with “large lustrious” eyes, small and slender hands with no nails, narrow ape like feet which could grasp objects, who emitted a strange “warbling noise” like a “guttural, monotonous chant”, and who wore no discernible clothing, instead covered in a fine, downy like fuzz which was neither hair nor feather and had a soft feel. Shaw attempted to pick one of the individuals up by the elbow when directly interacting and accounts that the being weighed less than 1 gram. Peculiarly, these individuals possessed small mouths with no teeth as it appeared the mouths of these beings were not used for eating and/or drinking due to the fact that Shaw states they sustained themselves with gas ported within a satchel with a hose to extract the gas from. Shaw describes these creatures as having a “strange and indescribable beauty” and accounts that they emitted a bright light, not so bright that it could not be directly viewed, but rather a comfortable, warm light. The beings migrated back to their craft in a strange, swaying motion, not at all alike to walking, with their feet only touching the ground in intervals of 15′. Prior to departure, Shaw attempted to throw a rock at the craft but reports it made no sound upon impact. Shaw accounts that these beings initially attempted to force him aboard the craft but gave up once they had realized the strength and resistance of Shaw due to the fear he experienced. Shaw describes the craft as completely without features aside from a rudder and pointed edges and estimates this craft to be 20′ in diameter and 150′ in total length
During the Ancient Roman Saturnalia festival near the winter solstice, coniferous branches, boughs, and trees were brought indoors and kept. Although the exact rationale is debated, the concept may have developed as a means to symbolize everlasting life and/or as a method to ensure the god Saturn, the patron deity of time, wealth, and agriculture among other things within Ancient Rome, would prolong summer and shorten winter. In the 4th century A.D. this festival was replaced by the Christian holiday of Christmas which adopted the practice of bringing trees indoors as well. It should be noted, bringing coniferous trees indoors during the winter solstice was a pagan tradition throughout the northern hemisphere, with multiple cultures and empires outside of the Ancient Romans adopting the practice
Sam Altman, the Chief Executive Officer of OpenAI which is the organization that created ChatGPT and GPT4, carries a small light blue backpack virtually everywhere he goes. This backpack serves a single function, to act as a remote detonator if ChatGPT and/or GPT4 suddenly becomes rogue and starts causing immense damage to human beings and society as a whole (e.g. causing self-driving vehicles to purposefully crash etc.). Because artificial intelligence has yet to be developed to the level that OpenAI has achieved, it is unknown as to the full potential benefits as well as risks and harms artificial intelligence may develop as more data sets are fed into it in an attempt to increase and expand upon what has already been accomplished. Despite this glaring risk, many teams around the world are working to create and improve different variations of artificial intelligence
Wind turbines run upon a simple engineering principle which is that of wind causing the blades to turn which rotates a shift within the turbine, with this shaft producing energy for the electrical generator. This electrical energy is pumped downward, 300’ below the water surface, and into cables buried below the seabed which connect to offshore substations which then connect to onshore power stations and finally residential homes and industrial and commercial buildings. Ocean wind turbines are typically 600’ high in altitude, with spinning fiberglass blades which are approximately 240’ long, with each blade weighing up to 30 tonnes. Because of this immense size, measurements (e.g. angle of blades etc.) are crucial during the construction phase to maximize efficiency and energy output. A single revolution of a wind turbine can generate enough electricity to power an entire family home for 24 hours