Category: Interesting Facts

The Chinese Silver Trade, European Colonization, and the World Economy: The Person Who Demanded All Chinese Subjects Pay Income Tax With Silver, the Impact of This Legislation for the Chinese State, the Population Size Controlled by the Chinese Ming Dynasty (1368 A.D. – 1644), the Reason the Bartering System of Chinese Income Tax Was Difficult to Stabilize, the Origin of Paper Currency, the Reason the Chinese Government Fluctuated Between Periods of Printing and Not Printing Paper Currency, the Reason the Chinese Public Had Faith in Metallic Currencies (Coins), the Most Reliable Metallic Coin During the 16th Century Within China, the Name of 100 Coins Strung Together and 10 Coins Strung Together During the Ming Dynasty, the Reason Silver Became Popular Within China, the Benefit of Silver Currency, Chinese Politician Zhang Juzheng Being Acutely Aware of the Social Shift Toward Silver Currency, the Political Position Granted to Zhang During the 1570’s, the Chinese Legislation of the Yītiáobiān Fǎ (Single Whip Reform) (One Whip Law) (Single Whip Method), the Impact of This Legislation, Silver Becoming the Primary Currency for the Chinese Government’s Managment of Income Taxation, the Reason This System Was Rapidly Adopted by the Chinese Public, How the Chinese Government Acquired Silver, the Inability for Most States to Trade Only Silver With China, the Reason the Yītiáobiān Fǎ Legislation Did Not Collapse China’s Economy, Bolivian Miner Diego Huallpa Losing Track of His Livestock Llama, the Resource Huallpa Discovered While Attempting to Relocate His Llama, the Reason Huallpa Created a Bonfire Whilst Searching for His Llama, the Name Spanish Conquistadors Provided to This Region, the Location the Majority of the World’s Silver Was Extracted From Throughout History, the Rapid Increase of Population Within Potosí, Boliva During the 16th Century, the Most Rapid and Largest Population Boom in History, the Mining Problem the Spanish Government Experienced While Mining Within South America, the Solution the Spanish Government Implemented for This Problem, the Reason the Spanish Government Began Importing African Slaves Into South America, the Location With the Largest Number of African Slaves Within the Americas During the Mid 16th Century, the Nickname of the “Mines” Within Potosí, the Number of Indigenous and African Slaves Who Died While Extracting Silver for the Spanish Government, the Witness Account of the Death Rate of Potosí Miners, the Reason 4th Viceroy of New Spain Martín Enríquez de Almanza y Ulloa Wrote to Spanish King Phillip II, the World’s First Global Currency, the Real de a Ocho (Royal of 8) (8 Real Spanish Peso) (Spanish Dollar) Accepted in Every Port From the 16th Century – 19th Century, the Period When Global Commerce Became Available, the Importance of the Port of Manila, Philippines During the 16th Century, the Spanish Government Constructing Increasingly Larger Ships for Commerce, the Location Used to Source Timber for These Ships and the Reason These Ships Were Impervious to Rot and Some Firearm Technologies, the Weight of Traditional Spanish Ships vs the Weight of Spanish Container Ships (Manila Galleons), the Largest Ships in the World During the 16th Century, the Frequency of Migration and Sailing Destination of Spanish Container Ships, a Witness Account Description of the Spanish Empire, the Golden Age of Spanish Culture, Architecture, and Commerce, the Reason the Spanish Government Was Capable of Plundering Throughout Europe During the 16th Century, the Comparable Empires of the Spanish Empire, the Oldest Chinese District in the World Outside of China, the Result of Spanish and Chinese Migration to the Philippines, the Benefit of Spanish and Chinese Migration for the Spanish Government, the View of Trust by Spanish and Chinese Merchants Within the Philippines During the 16th Century, the Original Intent of the Spanish Government for Manila, the Strategy of the Spanish Government Colonizizing China, the Reason the Spanish Government Turned its Attention Toward Manila, the Relationship Between Spanish and Chinese Merchants Within Manila During the 16th Century, the Reason the Spanish Government Attempted to Accuse Chinese Citizens of Siege, the Shifting Use of Intramural (Inside the Walls) Fortifications, How the Spanish Government Restricted the Population of Chinese Merchants Within Manila During the 16th Century, the Eruption of the Sangley Rebellion of 1603, the Violent Barbarism Displayed by Spanish and Chinese Merchants During the Sangley Rebellion, the Number of Deaths Which Occurred Due to the Sangley Rebellion, the Reason the Spanish Government Was Unable to Forcibly Exile the Chinese Public From Manila, the Reason Spanish and Chinese Merchants Moved Forward as if the Sangley Rebellion Had Not Occurred, Silver Helping to Construct and then Dismantle the Ming Dynasty, the Reason the Chinese Government Was Forced Into a Difficult Economic Position During the Early 17th Century, the Volume of Silver Required From the Spanish Government and Merchants to Keep the Ming Dynasty Functioning During the 17th Century, the Events Which Impeded the Trade of Silver World Wide, the First Occurrence of Foreign Economic Events Impacting Neighboring States, the Consequence of Spanish Ships With Silver Sinking During Transport, the Reason the Ming Dynasty Income Tax Revenue System Became Unable to Function During the Early to Mid 17th Century, the Impact of Silver Scarcity Within China, Chinese Emperor Zhu Youjian (Chongzhen Emperor) Unable to Afford the Chinese Military, the Chinese Government’s Legislative Silver Policies Helping to Create Insurrection, the Demise of the Ming Dynasty, the Death of Zhu, the Dynasty Which Replaced the Ming Dynasty, the Reason the Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1912) Prohibited All Maritime Trade, Chinese Emperor Aixin-Jueluo Xuanye’s (Kangxi Emperor) Legislative Edict in 1684, Import and Export Trade Resuming Within China, the Locations Aixin-Jueluo Constructed 4 Residential Homes, a Period of Peace and Prosperity Occurring Within China During the Late 17th Century and Early 18th Century, the Reason Custom Houses for Commerce Benefited the Chinese Government, the Location Aixin-Jueluo’s Edict Had the Greatest Impact, Modern Day Chinese Ports Functioning as They Did Throughout History, One of the Busiest Waterways in the World During the Modern Day, Foreign Ships With Silver Sailing to Guangzhou, China (Canton, China), the Leading Maritime Empires During the 18th Century, the Reason Commerce Within Guangzhou Benefited the Chinese Government, the Explosive Demand for Tea During the 18th Century, the Reason No Other Culture Developed Tea Manufacturing During the 18th Century, the Person Who Made Tea Popular Within England During the 17th Century, the Reason the Demand for Tea Continued to Increase Within China During the 18th Century, the Tea Road Utilized to Transport Tea, the Primary Trading Good of the Russian Government and Merchants During the Mid 17th Century and 18th Cenutyr, the Benefit of the Tea Trade for the Russia Economy, Tea Becoming One of the Most Valuable Commodities During the 18th Century, the Rapid Expansion of China’s Population During the 18th Century, the Reason China Was Forced to Import Foreign Timber, the Reason Foreign Merchants Were Permitted to Travel Deep into China’s Interior, the Miao Ethnic Group of Guizhou, China, the Reason the Miao Had Little Interest Within Commerce, the Commodity Used to Pay the Miao During the 16th Century and 17th Century, the Reason the Miao Began Creating Jewelry, the Length of Time Miao Silverwork Has Been Produced, the Importance of Silver for the Miao During the Modern Day, the Miao Wedding Tradition Involving Silver, the Chinese State Becoming a World Power of Commerce During the 17th Century and 18th Century, the Reason This Changed the Mentality of Chinese Citizens, Silver Trade Capitalism Massively Altering Chinese Society During the 17th Century and 18th Century, the View of European Merchants by Chinese Emperor Aisin-Gioro Hongli II (Qianlong Emperor), the View of European Merchants by Aisin-Gioro’s Officials, the Person Who Closed Virtually All Chinese Port Cities for Western Trade, the Reason Aisin-Gioro Desired to Control Foreign Merchants, Aisin-Gioro Leveraging the Bottleneck of the Pearl River for the Control of Commerce, the Location of the Pearl River Where Merchant Ships Cannot Proceed, the Benefit of This Physical Blockaide for the Chinese Government, the Forced Exodus of All Foreign Merchants During the Winter Season in Guangzhou Annually During the 18th Century and Early 19th Century, the Location These Foreign Merchants Resided During the Winter Season, the Name for the Residences of Foreign Merchants Within Guangzhou During the 18th Century and Early 19th Century, the Dual Chinese European Architecture of Merchant Housing Within Guangzhou During the 18th Century and Early 19th Century, the Concept of the “Cohong” (Gōngháng) (Public Trade), the Benefit of Maintaining a Positive Relationship With the Gōngháng, the Largest Commerce Operation in the World During the Late 18th Century and Early 19th Century, the Military Force of English Joint Stock Corporation the East India Company During the 18th Century and Early 19th Century, the Reason the East India Company Regulated Itself and Others Like a State, the Mercantile Hypocrisy of the East India Company, the Person Who Attempted to Negotiate On Behalf of the English Government With the Chinese Government in 1759, the Result of This Attempt, English Merchant James Flint Sailing to Tianjin, China to Confront Aisin-Gioro, the Primary and Secondary Reaction of Aisin-Gioro During This Meeting, Multiple Merchants Attempting to Shift Chinese Mercantile Legislative Policy, the View of Aisin-Gioro’s Decision to Execute Cantonese Merchants and Impression and then Exile Flint From China World Wide, Aisin-Gioro Creating the Regulations Against the Qīndìng Wàiyí Shànhòu Zhāngchéng (Imperially Decreed Regulations for the Proper Handling of Foreign Barbarians) (Regulations for the Better Governing of Foreigners) Legislation to Regulate Foreign Merchants, the Chinese Monopoly of World Commerce Spanning Across Centuries, European Control of World Commerce During the 18th Century and 19th Century vs Chinese Control of World Commerce During the 18th Century and 19th Century, Western Interest Within Chinese Commerce and Culture During the 18th Century, the Replica Chinese Architecture Commissioned by Russian Empress Catherine II, the Concept of “Chinoiserie” (Chinese Style/Things in the Chinese Manner), the Reason Many Motifs of Chinoiserie are Historically Inaccurate, One of the Largest and Greatest Artwork Collections Within the World, the Exquisite Chinese Silverwork of the State Hermitage Museum, the Silver Wedding Gift Provided to Catherine the II, and China Remaining as the Largest Economic Power World Wide Throughout Antiquity and Into the Modern Day

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In 1581, emperor Zhu Yijun (pronounced “zhoo yee-joon”) (Wanli Emperor) demanded his Chinese subjects pay their taxes in silver, with Spain being the only country which could satisfies China’s insatiable appetite for silver. Through this single decision, Yijun, a Ming emperor, positioned China at the center of world trade. In the 16th century, Ming emperors ruled over 25% of the worlds population. Farmers were permitted to turn in specific quantities of grain or meat in lieu of silver or currenc...

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The Chinese Silver Trade, the British Empire, and the Conflict Which Inevitably Ensued: How the Chinese Government and Chinese Merchants Became Wealthy During the 19th Century, the Reason the Chinese Economy Became Dependent Upon Silver During the 16th Century, the Reason the Chinese Government Was Forced to Import Silver Throughout History, the Country Which Imported the Most Tea During the 18th Century and 19th Century, the Military Capabilities of the English Joint-Stock Corporation the East India Company During the Late 18th Century, the English Government Attempting to Pay the Chinese Government in Commodities Other Than Silver During the Late 18th Century and 19th Century, the Person Who Managed the Mǎjiā’ěrní Shǐtuán (Macartney Embassy Mission/Envoy Delegation) of 1793, the Expectation of English Governor of Madras George Macartney in 1793, the Dual Reasons Macartney Was Sent to China for the Mǎjiā’ěrní Shǐtuán, the Residential Accommodations the Mǎjiā’ěrní Shǐtuán Negotiated for the English Government and English Merchants Within China, the Protectionary Status of English Merchants Governed by the Mǎjiā’ěrní Shǐtuán, the Reason the English Government Was Optimistic Prior to Macartney Embarking Upon the Mǎjiā’ěrní Shǐtuán, the Crew and Workers Macartney Brought to China During the Mǎjiā’ěrní Shǐtuán, the Reason the English Government Sent Gifts to the Chinese Government During the Mǎjiā’ěrní Shǐtuán, the Ultimate Goal of the English Government During the Mǎjiā’ěrní Shǐtuán, the Location Macartney Met Chinese Emperor Aisin Gioro Hongli (Qianlong Emperor), the Most Powerful Person in the World in 1793, the Length of Time Aisin Gioro Was Emperor of China and One of the Greatest Emperors Within Chinese History, the Expansion of China Via Successful War Campaigns, the Traditional Chinese Custom When Interacting With a Chinese Emperor, Macartney’s Response to This Tradition, the Gifts Macartney Provided to Aisin Gioro, Aisin Gioro’s Reaction to These Gifts and the Reason for This, the English Government’s View of the Trade Negotiations Occurring During Aisin Gioro’s Birthday, Aisin Gioro Engaging Within a Conversation in Mandarin With English Writer George Thomas Staunton During Staunton’s Childhood, the Gift Aisin Gioro Provided to Staunton, Aisin Gioro’s Reaction to the Letter Sent From English King George III in 1793, the Reason the English Government Was Unable to Develop an English Embassy Within China During the Late 18th Century, Aisin Gioro’s View of the International Community Being Chinese Subjects, the Letter Aisin Gioro Sent Back to George III in 1793, Aisin Gioro Demanding the Forced Exile of English Merchants From China, the Reason This Strategy Was Implemented and the English Public’s Reaction to This Policy, the Causation for the European Public’s Fascination With China and the European Term for “China” Between the 16th Century and 18th Century, Chinese Goods Specifically Designed for the European Marketplace, Chinese Silversmiths Emulating European Silversmiths, the Reason Chinese Silversmiths Were Employed to Create Works for the European Marketplace, the Location European Merchants Were Forced to Conduct Commerce Within China, the Reason the 13 Factories of Guangzhou, China (Canton, China) Have European Architectural Interiors and Exteriors, the Reason the Chinese Government Disapproved of the Shísān Háng (13 Hongs) (Garden of the 13 Factories District) Created by English Merchants, the Actions Prohibited for European Merchants by the Chinese Government, the Reason the Chinese Government Prohibited European Merchants From Romantic Relationships With Chinese Residents, the Reason European Merchants Abided by These Restrictions, the Concept of the “Golden Ghetto” Within Guangzhou, How European Merchants Circumvented the Prohibition of Romantic Relationships With Chinese Residents, the Concept of the “Cohong” (Gōngháng) (Public Trade), the Economic Influence and Control the Cohong Possessed Within China During the Mid 18th Century, One of the Most Important Merchants Within Chinese History, How Chinese Merchant Wu Bingjian (Howqua II) Became a Billionaire During the Late 18th Century and 19th Early Century, the Canton Fire of 1822 (Great Fire of 1822) Within Guangzhou, the Reason Wu Began to Lend Capital to the East India Company and Chinese Merchants, the Reason Wu Disliked Storage Safes for Economic Security, Wu Realizing That Diversification Could Yield Economic Security, the Danger for Wu of Relying Too Heavily Upon a Single Client, the Country of Merchants Wu Began Working With During the Early 19th Century, Wu’s View of U.S. Merchants, the Reason the U.S. Government Was Eager to Negotiate a Trade Agreement With the Chinese Government During the 18th Century, the Youngest Country in the World During the 19th Century vs the Oldest Country in the World During the 19th Century, the Elaborate Banquets Wu Held for U.S. Economic Partners, Wu Helping to Fund Infrastructural Construction Within the U.S., Wu’s Financial Involvement Within the U.S.’ Industrial Revolution, Chinese Influence of U.S. Corporations Occurring During the 19th Century, 20th Century, and 21st Century, U.S. Merchants Acting as Wholesalers Within the Chinese Silver Trade During the Late 18th Century and Early 19th Century, the Various Products U.S. Merchants Attempted to Trade With Chinese Merchants, the Only Commodity Desired by Chinese Merchants During the Late 18th Century and Mid 19th Century, U.S. Merchants Reluctantly Utilizing Silver for Trade With Chinese Merchants, the Product Which Chinese Merchants Were Willing to Accept in Exchange of Silver, the Impact of Opium Upon the Chinese Public During the Late 18th Century and Early 19th Century, the Prohibition of Opium Within China in 1729, the Increase of the Volume of Opium Imported into China in 1767 and 1838, the Consumption of Opium by Every Socioeconomic Class Within Chinese Society, the Government Which Initiated the Trade of Opium Within Chinese Merchants and the Location This Opium Was Sourced, the Sole Product Chinese Merchants Continued to Accept in Exchange of Silver During the 19th Century, the Decrease of Chinese Silver Reserves During the 19th Century, the Persons Who Created Bermudan Multinational Conglomerate Jardine Matheson & Company, the Annual Income of Jardine Matheson & Company During the 1830’s and 1840’s, the Reason Scottish Physician William Jardine and Scottish Member of Parliament James Matheson Began Utilizing Clipper Ships Within China, How Jardine and Matheson Traded and Distributed Opium Within China, Jardine and Matheson’s View of the Sale of Opium Within China, the Hypocrisy of This View, English Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli’s Quote Related to Jardine, the Person Who Became Disgruntled by the Inability to Trade Opium Within China, the Reason U.S. Merchant Thomas Handasyd Perkins Desired Trading Opium Within China, How U.S. Merchants Sourced Opium and Began Participating Within the Chinese Opium Trade, the Social Crisis the Opium Trade Created Within China During the 19th Century, High Ranking Chinese Government Officials Understanding the Impact of Opium Use Within Chinese Society, the Number of Opium Addicted Persons Within China During the 1830’s, the Person Who Attempted to Halt the Increasing Number of Opium Addicted Persons Within China, How Chinese Emperor Aisin Gioro Mianning (Daoguang Emperor) Dealt With the Problem of the Opium Trade Within China, the Demands Chinese Politician Lin Zexu Made Toward Opium Merchants and Opium Addicted Persons in 1839, the Leniency of Lin’s Novel Legislative Policies, the Punishment for Circumventing and/or Disobeying Lin’s Opium Legislative Policies, the Number of Chinese Merchants Arrested and the Number of Opium Pipes Confiscated by Lin’s Soldiers and Members of Law Enforcement in 1839, How Lin Continued to Pressure the English Government and English Merchants Who Refused to Abide by the Novel Opium Prohibition Legislation of China, the Person Lin Held Responsible for the Chinese Opium Trade, the Scrutiny Wu Was Subjected to Due to These Novel Legislative Policies, Wu Placed Under Criminal Investigation and the Penalty He Faced if Convicted of Criminal Acts, U.S. Ship Captain Robert Bennet Forbes Writing of the Chinese Opium Trade Within a Letter to U.S. Socialite Rose Greene Smith (Forbes’ Wife), the Economic Value of the Opium Detailed Within Forbes’ Letter, the English Government Surrendering All Opium Toward the Chinese Government, the Person Who Ordered a Public Display of the Destruction of This Opium Cache, the Reason Lin Altered His Original Plan to Export This Opium to Beijing, China, the Person Who Instructed Lin to Create a Public Display of the Destruction of This Opium Cache, How the Opium Cache Was Destroyed and Discarded, the Prayer Lin Made Prior to the Destruction of This Opium Cache, Lin Writing a Letter to English Queen Victoria (No Last Name) Regarding the Chinese Opium Trade, Lin’s Quote Within This Letter, the Reason Lin Believed This Letter Would Impact Victoria and Create New Economic Legislation Within England, Victoria’s View of This Letter, the English Government Demanding Compensation for Relinquishing All Opium, the Chinese Government’s Response to This Demand, Jardine and Matheson’s Response to the Loss of the Opium Trade Within China, the English Government’s Plan to Stun the Chinese Government into Compliancy, English Prime Minister Henry John Temple’s Quote Related to This Plan, the Militaristic Defenses of Guangzhou During the First Opium War (1839 – 1842), the Population Size of England During the Mid 19th Century vs the Population Size of China During the Mid 19th Century, the Main Differentiation Between the English Military and Chinese Military During the Mid 19th Century, the Offensive and Defensive Technologies of the English Military During the 19th Century, the English Military Possessing a Large Advantage Over the Chinese Military During the 19th Century, the Physical and Psychological Effect of the English Military Upon the Chinese Public, the English Warship Which Nearly Won the First Opium War Single Handedly, the Technological Capabilities of the English Nemesis Warship, the Relentless Attack of the English Military Upon Chinese Ports During the First Opium War, the English Military Continuing to Win the First Opium War Upon Land, the Firearm Technology of the English Military During the 19th Century, the English Government Unable to Comprehend Why the Chinese Government and Chinese Merchants Continued to Resist and Fight, the Chinese Government Agreeing to Surrender During the First Opium War, the Development of the Nánjīng Tiáoyuē (Treaty of Nanjing) (Treaty of Nanking) Within Nanking, China, the Location the English Copy of the Nánjīng Tiáoyuē is Stored During the Modern Day, the Heavily Biased Terms and Conditions of the Nánjīng Tiáoyuē, the Nánjīng Tiáoyuē Achieving All Goals of George III and the Mǎjiā’ěrní Shǐtuán, the Nánjīng Tiáoyuē Permitting English Merchants to Trade Within China, the Chinese Territory Seized by the English Government Due to the Nánjīng Tiáoyuē, the Reason the Nánjīng Tiáoyuē is One of the Most Important Documents Within Chinese History, the Concept of the “Century of Humiliation”, the Memory of the Century of Humiliation Present Within the Chinese Public During the Modern Day, the Rapid Demise of Wu Due to the Nánjīng Tiáoyuē, the Death of Wu, the Generational Loss of the Vast Fortune Wu Attained, the Only Familial Item Wu’s Descendants Possess During the Modern Day, the Ascendance of Hong Kong as a State, and the Commodity Which Both Developed and Collapsed the Chinese State

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China made itself vastly wealthy during the 19th century by exporting silks and porcelain in exchange for silver. China became dependent upon silver during the 16th century when Emperor Zhu Yijun (pronounced “zhoo yee-joon”) demanded his subjects pay their taxes in silver. China has very little silver of its own so it must be imported creating a perfect system of supply and demand. Britain imports more tea from China than any other European country with 80% of all tea export shipping out of Cant...

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The Blue Whale: The Largest Animal to Have Ever Existed Upon Earth, the Caloric Intake of a Mouthful of Food for Blue Whales, the Size of Blue Whales, the Vulnerability of the Blue Whale Species, the Size of the Blue Whale Cranium (Skull), the Largest Bone Within the Body of the Blue Whale, the Leading Cause of Blue Whale Deaths During the Modern Day, the Reason Blue Whales Store Blubber, and the Benefit of Blubber for the Migration of Blue Whale

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Blue whales are the largest animals to have ever lived on Earth, even larger than the dinosaurs. A single mouthful of food contains 500,000 calories. Blue whales grow to become 80’ long, weighing as much as 200 tonnes, the equivalent of a jumbo commercial airliner, and have a heart the size of a small car. Despite this immense size, blue whales are one of the most vulnerable species in the world. The skull of the blue whale is the size of a school bus, with a jaw which unhinges 20’ in diameter. ...

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Some of the topics covered include (but are not limited to)...

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History - famous figures, battles, empires and civilizations etc.
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The Barbarism of the Japanese Military During World War II: The Reason Residents Within Hong Kong Engaged Within Cannibalism During World War II, the Japanese Government’s View of Cannibalism During World War II, the Reason the Japanese Military Killed and Starved Many Prisoners of War During World War II, the Caloric Intake of Prisoners of War Captured by the Japanese Military During World War II, the Caloric Intake of Prisoners of War Captured by the Japanese Military Who Could Not Keep Pace With Demands, the Reason Japanese Soldiers Occasionally Lied to Help Prisoners of War, the Barbarism of the Japanese Military During World War II, the Food Provisions Provided to Prisoners of War Captured by the Japanese Military During World War II, the Regions of Asia Which Experienced Food Shortages and Famine During World War II, the Prisoners of War Captured by the Japanese Military Who Occasionally Received Small Packages of Food, the Reaction of Japanese Prisoner of War Camp Guards Toward This Behavior During World War II, the Practice of Cannibalism Within the Japanese Military During World War II, the Penalty Japanese Soldiers Faced for Disobeying Commanding Officers During World War II, the Reason Japanese Soldiers Often Blindly Followed the Orders of Commanding Officers, the Number of Allied Soldiers Who Died Within Japanese Prisoner of War Camps During World War II, and the Number of Allied Soldiers Who Died Within German Prisoner of War Camps During World War II

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During World War II, people located in Hong Kong resorted to cannibalism because conditions were so horrendous for both prisoners of war and the public alike. On December 31, 1944, the Australian military found and kept a clandestine order which stated that it was illegal for any Japanese soldier to knowingly consume human flesh, punishable by execution, but not if the person consumed was considered an enemy (eg. American, British, Canadian etc.) as these cases were exempt. The Japanese viewed e...

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Polynesia, Constellations, and the Mythological Continent of Lemuria: The Tallest Mountain in the World, Mount Mauna Kea vs Mount Everest, the Largest Land Mass Upon Earth, the Number of Stars Within the Pleiades Constellation, the Importance of the Pleiades Constellation Within Polynesian Cultures, the Reason the Pleiades Constellation is Important Within Polynesian Cultures, the Hawaiian Term for the Beings of the Pleiades Constellation, the Commonality Shared by Oceanic and Polynesian Deities, the Number of Submerged Cities Discovered Within the Mediterranean Sea, the Mythological Continent of Lemuria Possibly Connecting Various Islands of Oceania, the Mythological Account of the Destruction of Lemuria, the Natural Disaster Which Possibly Destroyed Lemuria, and the Reason Most Scientists Dismissed the Hypothesis of Lemuria Existing During the 1960’s

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Mauna Kea (pronounced “mah-nah kay-ah”) is the tallest mountain in the world, 1.6 kilometers taller than Mt. Everest. The main difference between Mauna Kea and Mt. Everest is that Marina Kea ascends from the ocean, instead of from land like Mt. Everest. Mauna Kea is the largest land mass on Earth. The Pleiades (pronounced “plee-ah-deez”) constellation, a cluster of stars 444.2 light years away, the Pleiades constellation plays a central role in the mythology of multiple cultures which have settl...

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The Origin of Whoopee Cushions: How Ancient Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (Elagabalus) Played Practical Jokes Upon Party Guests and How This Practical Joke Worked

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Ancient Roman emperor Elagabalus would often play practical jokes upon his dinner party guests by inflating animal bladders with air and then slipping them underneath the backside of unsuspecting victims. The bladders would forcefully expel all air within them to make a flatulence noise reminiscent of modern day whoopee cushions...

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Some of the topics covered include (but are not limited to)...

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History - famous figures, battles, empires and civilizations etc.
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The Royal Marriage of English Queen Elizabeth II and Grecian Prince Philip in 1947: The Date Elizabeth and Philip Married, the Date Elizabeth and Philip’s Engagement Was Announced to the English Public, the Possibility of Elizabeth and Philip Being Engaged for 1 Year Without the English Publics Knowledge, the Physical and Character Description of Philip, the Diamond Philip Repurposed for Elizabeth, the Practice of Repurposing Family Heirlooms Within Europe During the 18th Century and 19th Century, the Ring Type Elizabeth Desired for Her Engagement, the Reason the English Public Sent Their Clothing Ration Coupons to Buckingham Palace in 1947, the Reason Buckingham Palace Returned Each Clothing Ration Coupon, the Possible Origin of the Silk of Elizabeth’s Wedding Dress, the Location Elizabeth’s Wedding Dress Was Manufactured, the Person Who Designed Elizabeth’s Wedding Dress, the Reason English Fashion Designer Norman Hartnell Was Able to Create an Unprecedented Wedding Dress for Elizabeth’s Wedding, the Economic Cost of Elizabeth’s Wedding Dress, the Wedding Dress Used as Inspiration for English Duchess of Cambridge Catherine Elizabeth Middleton’s (Elizabeth’s Grand Daughter in Law) Wedding Dress, the Company Tasked With Creating the Wedding Cake of Elizabeth and Philip, the Reason English Food Producer McVitie’s Was Selected to Produce This Cake, World War I Rationing Within England vs World War II Rationing Within England, Donations Sent From Across the Commonwealth to Buckingham Palace, the Description of the Elizabeth and Philip’s Wedding Cake, the Reason Elizabeth Wanted to Keep the Recipe for the Wedding Cake Covert, the Ingredients of the Wedding Cake, the Reason the Original Wedding Cake Recipe Used a Single Bottle of Brandy, the Number of Guests Who Consumed This Cake During Elizabeth and Philips Wedding Reception, the Reason This Cake Could Not Be Baked Within a Single Session, How This Wedding Cake is Structured, the Time Required to Construct a Replica Wedding Cake in 2017, the English Wedding Gift Tradition Elizabeth and Philip Refused to Subscribe to in 1947, the Method Used to Present Wedding Gifts Post Elizabeth and Philip’s Wedding Ceremony, the Number of Wedding Gifts Received by Elizabeth and Philip, the Reason Elizabeth Was Sent 148 Pairs of Pantyhose Stockings, the Wedding Tradition English Queen Victoria Developed in 1840, the Reason a Royal Bush of Myrtle is Grown at Osborne House, and the Number of Patrons Who Listened to Elizabeth and Philip’s Wedding Ceremony Via Radio

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On November 20, 1947 at 11:16 AM, a stagecoach carried Princess Elizabeth and her father King George VI set off for Westminster Abbey where Elizabeth would marry Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. The couples engagement was announced on July 9, 1947, Elizabeth aged 21 and Philip 5 years her senior. It is suspected that Elizabeth and Philip were engaged for almost 1 year prior, but that this engagement was kept secret. Philip was of royal lineage, good looking, and charming which is why Elizabeth ...

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The Chinese Silver Trade and How it Almost Collapsed the Chinese State: The Impact of the Illegal Trade of Opium Within China During the 19th Century, How the Chinese Government Attempted to Resolve the Problem of Opium Addiction During the 19th Century, the Chinese Territory and Ports the English Military Forced the Chinese Government Into Relinquishing Control of in 1842, the Reason the Chinese Government Provided Control of China to the English Government in 1842, the Reason English Culture Has Developed Within China During the Modern Day, the Reason Chinese Culture Has Developed Within England During the Modern Day, the Influence and Authority of England During the 19th Century, the Reason Control of China Was Economically Valuable for the English Government, the English Government Attempting to Expand English Trade Influence Within China, the Reason the Chinese Government Began Developing Ports Along the Coastline of China and Within Major Chinese Rivers During the Mid 19th Century, the Reason the English Government Desired Occupying China With War Ships, the Arrow Incident Conflict in 1856 Between Chinese Customs Officials and English Merchants and Sailors, the Action Which the English Government Believed Justified Occupation of China, the Concept of the “Arrow Incident” and the Precursor to the Second Opium War (1856 – 1860), the Reason Various Imperialized Governments Began Seizing Portions of Chinese Territory During the 1890’s, the Cultural Vandalism Imposed by the English Military and French Military Within Beijing, China in 1860, the Length of Time Yuanming Yuan (the Old Summer Palace) Remained On Fire in 1860, the Person Who Ordered the Destruction of Yuanming Yuan, the Reason English Governor General of Canada James Bruce Ordered the Destruction of Yuanming Yuan, the Intended Message for the Chinese Government Post the Destruction of Yuanming Yuan, the Commodity the Chinese Government Was Forced to Relinquish to Pay the English Government for War Damage Restitution in 1842, the Total Economic Cost of the First Opium War for the Chinese Government, the Treaty Negotiations Which Reinstituted the Trade of Opium Within China, the Letter Chinese Prince Aisin Gioro Yixin (Prince Gong) Wrote to Bruce, the Year the Chinese Government Opened Relations With the Western World, the Reason Aisin Gioro Wrote to Bruce, the Aspects of Government Aisin Gioro Had Little Experience Within, the Most Westernized Manchurian Monarch Within Chinese History, the Concept of the “Self-Strengthening Movement”, Aisin Gioro’s Hypothesis for the Evolution and Progression of the Chinese State, the Reason Chinese Foreign Trade Became Subject to Taxation Increases During the 1860’s, the State Which Controlled the Imperial Maritime Customs Service of China During the Mid 19th Century, the Introduction of Standardized Import Tariffs Within China, the Benefit of Standardized Import Tariffs for China, the Person Aisin Gioro Appointed to the Imperial Maritime Customs Service, the Job Irish Diplomat Robert Hart Fulfilled Within China Prior to Being Appointed to the Imperial Maritime Customs Service, the Volume Size of Hart’s Diaries Written Within China, the Aspects of Chinese Culture Which Interested Hart, the Nickname Aisin Gioro Provided for “Hart”, the Legislative Policies Hart Helped Introduce Within China, the Location of the Most Remote Chinese Custom House and the Location of the Highest Elevated Chinese Custom House, How the Qing Dynasty (1636 – 1912) Leveraged Chinese Custom Houses for the Benefit of China, the Benefit of Remote Custom Houses for the Chinese Government, the Total Economic Value Hart Generated for the Chinese Government, the Reason Currency Conversions Before 1922 Were Exceedingly Difficult With Chinese Currency, the Modern Day Silver Equivalent of the Capital Generated by Hart, the Modern Day Economic Value of the Capital Generated by Hart, the Influence of Maritime Custom Houses Within the Chinese Economy in 1893, the Reason Silver Began Flowing Back into China During the Mid 19th Century, the Reason Silver Caused the Chinese Government to Economically Desynchronize With Western Nations, the View of China by the International Community During the Late 19th Century, the Leader of China Who Challenged Reformation, the Reason Chinese Empress Yehe Nara Xingzhen’s (Dowager Cixi) Persecuted and Executed Reformers During the 19th Century, the View of Reformers During the Late 19th Century for the Future of China, the Architecture Yehe Nara Focused Upon Decorating During the Sino French War (1884 – 1885), the Reason the Chinese Government Resisted Reformation During the Late 19th Century, One of the Most Rapid Modernizations Within History, Japan Becoming an Imperialist State Which Rivalled Western States During the First Sino Japanese War (1894 – 1895), the First Sino Japanese War, the Outcome of This Conflict, the Reason the Japanese Government Was Able to Base its Economy Upon the Gold Standard, Chinese Financial Institutions Unable to Meet the Demands of the Japanese Government, the Reason the Chinese Government Had No Options to Fulfill the Japanese Government’s Demands During the Late 19th Century, the Reason the Concept of “Public Debt” Did Not Exist Within China Throughout History, the Reason China Had Weak Financial Institutions During the 1890’s, the Chinese Government Developing Foreign Financial Institutions, the Financial Institutions the Chinese Government Appealed Toward to Help Construct These Novel Financial Institutions Within China, the Reaction of the Chinese Public Toward Foreign Influence and Control Within China, the Reason Those Rebelling Against the Chinese Government Referred to Themselves as the “Yihequan” (Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists) (Boxers), the Political View of China by the Yihequan, the Slogan of the Yihequan, the Decision of Yehe Nara Which Nearly Collapsed the Chinese State, Anti-Foreign Sentiment Developing Within the Chinese Public During the 1890’s, Yehe Nara’s View of Foreign Presence Within China, the Western and Eastern States Which Occupied Beijing to Repel the Yihequan, the Japanese Government Demanding the Chinese Government Pay War Damages and Punitive Damage Restitution in 1895, the Greatest Threat to the Chinese State Within History, the Colonization of India vs the Colonization of China, the Chinese Government Being Acutely Aware of China’s International Reputation During the Late 19th Century and Early 20th Century, the Person the Chinese Government Appealed to in an Effort to Save China in 1900, Hart’s Argument in Favor of a Unified Chinese State, Hart Proposing the Restructuring of the Chinese Government’s Economic Debt, the Chinese State Narrowly Avoiding Fracture and Partition, the Impact of the Xinchou Tiaoyue (Treaty of the Year of the Metal Ox) (Boxer Protocol) Upon the Chinese State, the Organization Tasked With Organizing the Repayment of the Xinchou Tiaoyue, the Reason This System Worked Well for the Chinese Government, the Descension of China During the 19th Century, China’s Gross Domestic Product During the 1850’s vs China’s Gross Domestic Product During the End of the 19th Century, the Impact of This Regression Upon the Chinese Public, Desperate Attempts to Modernize Failing Within China During the Early 20th Century, the Person Who Led the Initiative to Force the Abdication of Chinese Emperor Aisin Gioro Puyi (Xuantong Emperor), the Commodity Responsible for the Collapse of the Qing Dynasty and Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644), War Lords Taking Control of Individual Chinese Provinces Leading to Civil Conflict During the Early 20th Century, the Reason the Chinese Government Was Unable to Collect Income Tax During the Early 20th Century, the Reason Each War Lord Developed Their Own Currency, the Reason the Multiple Currencies Circulating Within China Became Extremely Difficult for the Chinese Public to Utilize, the Economic Stability of Shanghai, China During the Early 20th Century, the First City Within China to Allow Foreigners to Live and Work, the Wealthiest Port City Within China During the 1920’s, the Financial Institution All Chinese Income Tax Silver Revenue Was Deposited Within During the Late 19th Century and Early 20th Century, the Financial Institution All Chinese Income Tax Revenue Was Deposited Within Post 1911, the Largest Financial Institution Within the Far East During the 20th Century, the Reason Chinese Commercial Banking Corporation the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Was Able to Construct a New Headquarters Within Shanghai During the 1920’s and 1930’s, the City Referred to as the “Paris, France of the East”, the Reason Shanghai Was Able to Avoid the Economic and Political Chaos of China During the Early 20th Century, All Europeans Within Shanghai Becoming Exempt From Chinese Law During the Early 20th Century, the Legal Framework Which Governed Europeans Within Shanghai, the Reason Shanghai Was Able to Acquire the Largest Collection of Silver Within China During the Early 20th Century, the Rapid Ascendance of Shanghai vs the Rapid Ascendance of Hong Kong, China, Silver Ingot Currency vs Metallic and Paper Currency, the Origin of the Practice of Quantifying Silver Within Taels (Silver Weight) and the Reason This System Does Not Work Within China During the Modern Day, Each Region of China Possessing a Disparate View of What a Silver Tael Consists of, the Person Who Developed a Vision for Economic Reformation Within China, the Post Secondary Institution Chinese President of the Executive Yuan Tse-vung Soong Graduated From and the Impact This Had Upon Soong’s Personality, Soong Being a Part of the Most Well Renowned Family Within China During the 1920’s and 1930’s, the Siblings and In Laws of Soong, the Specific Systems of the Chinese Economy Soong Attempted to Reform and Modernize, the Reason Soong Arranged a Meeting of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce, Soong’s Suggesting the Chinese Government Abolish the Silver Tael, the Collective Which Provided the Most Resistance to Soong’s Novel Ideas, the Financial Institutions Which Supported Soong’s Economic Vision for China, the Period When the Silver Tael Became Abolished Within China, the Imagery Upon China’s First Silver Dollar, the Evolution of China’s Economic System From a Weighed Bullion Economy to a Modern Fiat (Government Issued Currency) Monetary Economy, the Western Publications Which Caused Soong to Become Internationally Recognized, Soong Invited to Attend a U.S. Radio Broadcast, Soong’s View of the Trust Shared Between the U.S. Government and the Chinese Government, the Benefit of Silver During the U.S. Great Depression (1929 – 1941), the Reason the Chinese Yuan (Origin/Primary) Continued to Lose Economic Value Against Stronger Western Currencies During the 1920’s and 1930’s, the Impact of the Economic Devaluation of the Chinese Yuan for Western Commerce Within China, the Benefit of a Devalued Chinese Yuan for the Chinese Economy, the U.S. States Which Suffered Economically Due to the Low Economic Value of Silver Within China, the Person Who Developed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 and the Reason for This, the Economic Impact of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 Legislation Upon China, the Economic Crisis of China Evolving to Become a Social Crisis Between 1934 – 1936, the Reason the Chinese Government Was Forced to Re-Evaluate Economic Reformation Once Again in 1935, the Chinese Government Abandoning the Silver Tael Economy, the Year the Chinese Government Removed the Chinese Economy From the Silver Standard Becoming a Fiat Monetary Economy, the End of the Silver Tael Economy Within China, the Abrupt Cessation of 6 Centuries of Silver Use Within China, the First Scholar Publication Upon the Chinese Silver Economy, the Silver Teapot Produced as a European Work Discovered to be Chinese in Origin, the Silver Trade Slowly Re-Emerging Within China Decades After its Collapse, the Largest Importer of Silver World Wide During the Modern Day, the Benefit of the Silver Trade for Modern Day Products, the Location of the Largest Solar Panel Farm in the World, the World’s Largest Economy During the Modern Day, the English Economy During the 19th Century vs the Chinese Economy During the Modern Day, French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte’s Quote Related to China, and the Mandarin Character for “Money” and “Bank”

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The illegal trade of opium in China created millions of addicted and sparked a social crisis during the 19th century. The Chinese government reacts by seizing and destroying over 1000 tonnes of opium by throwing it into the Pearl River estuary, material worth millions of dollars during the modern day when accounting for inflation. When China is swiftly defeated by the British, it is forced to cede the island of Hong Kong and to open 5 new ports for international trade which included Canton, Chin...

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Science - physics, elements, chemistry etc.
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History - famous figures, battles, empires and civilizations etc.
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The History of Cheese: The Availability of Naturally Orange Cheese, How Orange Cheese is Produced, the Reason Cheese is One of the Greatest Discoveries Within Culinary History, the Period When Cheese Was Discovered, the Reason Sheep Stomachs Were Used to Produce Cheese Throughout History hand the Original Use of the Sheep Stomach by Humans, the Reason the First Cheeses Developed, and the Reason Modern Day Safes are Lined With Glass

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䷖ There is no such thing as orange cheese. All orange cheeses are white with orange dye added. Cheese is one of the greatest advents in culinary history as it is a portable, storeable source of protein which could be preserved for long periods without decay. Cheese was more so discovered rather than invented, around 8000 BC when sheep were first domesticated. Sheep stomachs were used to produce cheese as they contain rennet, but originally sheep stomachs were used to transport milk. It is believ...

Subscribe now for just $9.99 per month and gain access to over 1,250,000 (1.25 million) words worth of educational material pertaining to a wide array of subjects and interests

Some of the topics covered include (but are not limited to)...

Science - physics, elements, chemistry etc.
Mathematics - theories, historical figures, important equations etc.
History - famous figures, battles, empires and civilizations etc.
Art - artists, artwork, art mediums etc.

The ultimate resource for teachers, students, writers; truly anyone with a curious and open mind for new concepts and novel vantage points of observing the world

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Energy Ley Lines, Ancient Roman Emperor Constantine’s Celestial Vision, and the Crashed Unidentified Flying Object RS/33 Project Led by Italian Electrical Engineer Guglielmo Marconi: The Cultures the Celts of Northern Italy Interacted With, the Origin of the Concept of “Ley Lines”, the Reason English Author Alfred Watkins Realized Multiple Prehistoric Ancient Sites of Europe Align Within Grid Lines, the Usage of the Term “Ley” Within Various English Cities, How Ley Lines Are Established, Some Ley Lines Aligned With the Earth’s Geomagnetic Field and Underground Water Resources, One of the Most Significant Ley Lines and the European Cities it Passes Through, How Specific Lay Line Sites Were Selected Throughout History, the Vision Constantine Observed Prior the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, Constantine’s Soldiers Also Witnessing This Vision, the Location an Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Craft Crashed into in the Lombardy Region of Italy in 1933, the Size and Description of This Craft, the Color and Description of This Craft, the Italian Government Confiscating This Craft to Conduct Research, the Italian Government Appealing to Italy’s Best Scientists to Study This Craft, the Organization Developed to Research This Craft, the Person Who Lead This Project, and the Person Who Explained the Advanced Technology of This Craft to Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini in 1933

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The Celts of northern Italy came into contact with the Etruscans, Egyptians, and the Greeks with each having separate but similar polytheistic religions with a pantheon of deities present in each, gods which could descend to Earth. The concept of ley lines which are believed to be high energy meridians, originated in the 1920’s by English landscape photographer Alfred Watkins. While Watkins performed research for his book The Old Straight Track, he realized that many prehistoric standing stones ...

Subscribe now for just $9.99 per month and gain access to over 1,250,000 (1.25 million) words worth of educational material pertaining to a wide array of subjects and interests

Some of the topics covered include (but are not limited to)...

Science - physics, elements, chemistry etc.
Mathematics - theories, historical figures, important equations etc.
History - famous figures, battles, empires and civilizations etc.
Art - artists, artwork, art mediums etc.

The ultimate resource for teachers, students, writers; truly anyone with a curious and open mind for new concepts and novel vantage points of observing the world

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