Thomas Harriot observed sunspots in 1610 but did not publish his work. In 1612 Harriot recorded that after having viewed the sun, his sight was “dim for an hour”. Oxford University astronomer John Greaves is quoted as stating that after sun observations, he would see afterimages which looked like a flock of crows within his field of vision. Sir Isaac Newton attempted to look at the sun in a mirror, which blinded him for 3 days and caused him to experience afterimages for months
3 conditions are necessary for a patient to reach prior to being categorized as brain dead which include being within a persistent comatose state which does not respond to pain stimuli (e.g. nail bed pressure, sternal rub, pressure upon the orbital rim of the face etc.), possessing absent brain stem reflexes (e.g. pupillary light reflex, oculocephalic reflex, coughing gag reflex etc.), and possessing a lack of spontaneous respiration, if a patient is unable to breathe upon their own accord. If a patient possesses all 3 of these metrics, they are considered brain dead and legally deceased within the U.S.. If tests are inconclusive, ancillary examinations can be provided to determine definitively whether or not a person is brain dead (e.g. electroencephalograph, transcranial doppler ultrasound, diagnostic cerebral angiogram etc.) as well as other tests which can be performed
OpenAI’s artificial intelligence “ChatGPT” is named as such because of the acronym “GPT” which stands for “generative pre-trained transformer”. The generative pre-trained transformer provides the characteristics of any large language model like ChatGPT. The term “generative” refers to an artificial intelligences “ability to generate new content which is similar to the data sets it was trained upon”. The term “pre-trained” refers to the “practice of artificial intelligence models being fine tuned for specific tasks, a pre-training phase in which the large language model learns from a vast amount of text data which helps the model understand language patterns and contexts”. The term “transformer” refers to the transformer architecture which is a “neural network design that relies upon a mechanism referred to as “attention” to weigh the influence of different parts of the input data”. This transformer architecture is particularly effective for tasks which involve understanding the context of language (e.g. language translation or answering questions etc.) which is why artificial intelligence models are able to understand human language in a deep and complex way
Tea was discovered entirely by accident. The first emperor of ancient China, Emperor Jiang Shinian (Shen Nung or Shennong) was boiling water in his palace courtyard when a tea leaf fell from above, and into the boiling pot. Due to the pleasant scent, Jiang ingested the water as it cooled and by coincidence discovered the activity of tea consumption. The name Jiang Shinian directly translates to mean “Devine Husbandman” within Mandarin, as it is believed Jiang developed multiple Chinese agricultural advents (e.g. crop cultivation for medicinal herbs, soil managment strategies, irrigation etc.). It should be noted, this account of the discovery of tea is believed to most likely be fictitious and mythological in origin by Chinese historians during the modern day
The rabies virus causes hostility within its host because aggressive behavior (e.g. biting etc.) is crucial for the transmission of the pathogen due to the fact that the virus is primarily secreted within the saliva of its hosts, although it can be present within and therefore transmitted via other tissues as well (e.g. infected brain tissue coming into contact with the open wound of a host etc.). The rabies virus primarily affects the central nervous system of its host, involving both the brain and spinal cord, causing inflammation of the brain referred to as “encephalitis”, and triggering various other neurological symptoms which help aide propogation (e.g. aggression, confusion, hallucinations etc.). The rabies virus travels along nerves from the wound site of the infection to the brain, where it then replicates and causes inflammation. Once the rabies virus reaches the brain, it can spread rapidly throughout the body via the central nervous system, leading to severe neurological symptoms and death in 100% of cases if left untreated
The Japanese tea garden is the antithesis of the Buddhist Zen garden and originated in the 9th century after tea was imported into Japan from China. Buddhist monks would drink Chinese tea to keep themselves awake during long meditation sessions. Over the subsequent centuries, tea drinking became an elaborate practice which was highly ritualized with samurai, geishas, and monks all serving tea using these same concepts. Japanese tea gardens developed during the 16th century with direct influence from the concepts of tea ceremonies, designed and constructed to surround tea houses
Smoking during pregnancy doubles the risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy can persist transgenerationally, being passed from parent to child, and can result within a higher probability of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in 2nd and 3rd generation offspring. Smoking was purported as a remedy for morning sickness during the 1930’s which could explain why Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has been identified more and more throughout the past few decades. It takes a person with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 150 milliseconds longer than a person without, to react to stimuli, which is the equivalent difference between a successful hit and a near miss of a ball with a baseball bat
Sam Altman, the Chief Executive Officer of OpenAI which is the organization that created ChatGPT and GPT4, carries a small light blue backpack virtually everywhere he goes. This backpack serves a single function, to act as a remote detonator if ChatGPT and/or GPT4 suddenly becomes rogue and starts causing immense damage to human beings and society as a whole (e.g. causing self-driving vehicles to purposefully crash etc.). Because artificial intelligence has yet to be developed to the level that OpenAI has achieved, it is unknown as to the full potential benefits as well as risks and harms artificial intelligence may develop as more data sets are fed into it in an attempt to increase and expand upon what has already been accomplished. Despite this glaring risk, many teams around the world are working to create and improve different variations of artificial intelligence
Because human beings interpret emotions by mirroring one another, botulism toxin, more commonly referred to by the brand name “Botox”, when injected into the forehead, alters brain activity connected with various emotional states. The temporary paralysis of facial muscles from the use of Botox disables a person’s ability to mirror the person(s) they are interacting with. It also hinders their ability to read and interpret the facial expressions of others. Surprisingly, this information is being leveraged within studies of depression and patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, as it is believed that temporary paralysis of the forehead may help aid those who are experiencing clinical depression and/or a borderline personality disorder
All public post secondary institutions within Germany, Iceland, Norway, and Finland are free for both domestic and foreign students. Due to the soaring costs of education within North America, many North American students are opting to study abroad to acquire an education whilst reducing the overall debt associated with post secondary education