The Virtually Impregnable Fortress Citadel of the Nánjīng Chéngqiáng (Nanjing City Wall) (Ming City Wall) Within Nanjing, China, the Strategy Utilized to Defend Nanjing From the Late 14th Century A.D. – Mid 20th Century, and Chinese Kunqu (Kunshan, China Region Melody) Operas: The Continual Raid and Destruction of Nanjing Throughout History, the Person Who Installed a Defensive Perimeter Around Nanjing, the Primary Goal of Chinese Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (Hongwu Emperor) Post Becoming Emperor in 1368 A.D., the Number of Workers and Length of Time Required to Construct the Nánjīng Chéngqiáng, the Length of the Nánjīng Chéngqiáng at its Zenith, the Most Significant Gate Within the Nánjīng Chéngqiáng, the Benefit of the Gated Nánjīng Chéngqiáng Strategy During the 14th Century A.D., the Qingliang (Qing Ting Zha) Gate of the Nánjīng Chéngqiáng, the Wēngchéng Ménxì (Urn City Gate System) (Barbican Gate) (Fortified Outer Gate) Strategy Designed to Delay Invasion Post Breaching the Main Gate of the Nánjīng Chéngqiáng, the Number of Times the Wēngchéng Ménx Strategy Was Utilized Within the Nánjīng Chéngqiáng, the Strategy Ming Dynasty (1368 A.D. – 1644) Soldiers Utilized to Trap Invading Forces, the Last Bathhouse of Nanjing, the Design of the Gānlù Sì Yùtáng (Ganlu Temple Bath Hall), the Reason the Gānlù Sì Yùtáng Possesses a Dome, the Gender of All Actors Within Chinese Kunqu Operas, How Audience Members Recognize Specific Characters Within Kunqu Operas, the Common Theme of Kunqu Operas, and the Reason Kungqu Opera Actors Wear Overly Large Textiles

䷖ Over the course of history, Nanjing, China was raided and destroyed many times over. In the 14th century, emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty, decided to erect a perimeter to protect the city, a defense system which became one of the most advanced and complex defense systems in the world during that era. Fortifying Nanjing was one of Zhu’s primary tasks as a young and new emperor. For several decades, 200,000 laborers toiled to built massive walls which encompass Nanjing. At its peak, th...


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