The Offensive and Defensive Innovations and Technologies of Dover Castle and the Invasion of the French Military During the First Barons’ War (1215 A.D – 1217 A.D.): The Location of Dover Castle, England’s Control of French Territory During the 12th Century, the Relationship Between the English and French Government During the Late 12th Century, the Reason the Location of Dover Castle Was Selected, the Dual Layers of Protection for Dover Castle, the Person Who Designed Dover Castle, the Economic Cost to Hire French Engineer Mauricius Caementarius (Maurice the Engineer), the Dual Functions of Dover Castle, the First Challenge Caementarius Experienced Whilst Designing Dover Castle, the Stone Imported into Dover, England to Construct Dover Castle, the Use of Stone Blocks and Rubble During the Construction of Dover Castle, the Fortification of Dover Castle’s Central Keep Donjon (Lord’s/Great Tower), the Vulnerability of Dover Castle, the Dual Entrances and Courtyard of Dover Castle, the Concept of “Barbican” (Outer Defense/Fortification.) Architecture, the Reason the Entrance Pathway of Dover Castle is Designed in a Zig Zag Pattern, the First Double Gate House Within a Castle, the Outer Wall Which Defends Dover Castle, the Number of Towers of Dover Castle During the Medieval Period (476 A.D. – 1492 A.D.) vs the Number of Towers of Dover Castle During the Modern Day, the Most Unique Structure of Dover Castle, the Usage of the Avranches Tower of Dover Castle, the Efficiency of the Avranches Tower Design, How the Avranches Tower is Designed, the Number of Crossbow Bolts Castles Held Within Storage Between the 11th Century and 13th Century, the Length of Time Required to Construct the Outer Wall of Dover Castle, the Reason Round Castle Towers Were Developed During the 12th Century, the Concept of “Undermining”, Square Tower Undermining vs Round Tower Undermining, the Benefit of Rounded Towers Defending From Siege Engines, the Perrier (Stone Thrower) Siege Weapon, Trebuchet Technology vs Perrier Technology, the Ballistics Range of the Perrier, the Impact of This Range for Soldiers Priming and Firing the Perrier, the Advantage of Utilizing the Perrier During Siege, the Fortifications of the Center Keep of Dover Castle, the Reason Dover Castle Has Buttresses for Support, the Reason Corner Buttresses of Dover Castle Are Designed With Crenelations (Notched Castle Walls), the Last Line of Defense for Dover Castle, the Fortifications Designed to Stall Enemy Forces Post Breaching the Forebuilding of Dover Castle, the True Entrance to Dover Castle’s Keep, the Center of Government Fluctuating During the 12th Century, the Primary and Secondary Use of a Castle’s Keep, the Only Person Permitted to Sleep Upon the Top Floor of a Castle Between the 11th Century and 13th Century, the Reason Caementarius Installed a Water Well Upon the Top Floor of Dover Castle, the Depth of This Water Well, How Freshwater Was Imported into Dover Castle, the Empire English King John (John Lackland) Relinquished the Majority of English Territory Toward, English Barons Inviting French King Louis VIII to Invade England, the Reason Louis VIII Was Reluctant to Accept This Offer, Louis VIII Eventually Accepting This Offer, the Result of Louis VIII’s Campaign Into England in 1216 A.D., the Achievement Which Would Secure the English Monarchy for Louis VIII, the Installation of a Wooden Palisade to Defend Dover Castle, the Intent of This Defensive Strategy, the Production of Blacksmiths During Periods of Peace Throughout History vs the Production of Blacksmiths During Periods of Conflict Throughout History, the Technology Developed to Regulate the Optimal Temperature of Forge Furnaces, the Reason Blacksmiths Only Hit Metal When it Was White Hot Between the 5th Century A.D. and 15th Century, the Forgotten Invasion of England in 1216 A.D., the Military Force Supporting Louis VIII’s Forgotten Invasion During the First Barons’ War (1215 A.D. – 1217 A.D.), the Ratio of English to French Soldiers During the First Barons’ War, the English Knight Who Led the Defense of Dover Castle During the First Barons’ War, English Chief Justiciar of England Hubert de Burgh’s Loyalty Toward the English State, the Reason de Burgh Refused to be Captured as a Prisoner by the French Military, de Burgh Importing Munitions and Timber to Repair and Defend Dover Castle, the Stockpiling of Food Within Dover Castle, the Reason the French Military Were Forced to Attack Dover Castle From its Northern Side, the French Setup of Siege Weapons Upon the Northern Side of Dover Castle, the Primary Targets of Dover Castle During the Siege of Dover Castle in 1216 A.D. and 1217 A.D., de Burgh’s Strategy to Repel the French Military During the Siege of Dover Castle, the Impact of the Timber Palisade Defending Dover Castle, How the French Military Adapted to This Strategy, the Injury of English Soldiers as a Deluge of French Soldiers Rushed Into Dover Castle, the English Military’s Response to the French Military Breaching the First Line of Defense of Dover Castle, de Burgh Anticipating a Direct Attack of Dover Castle, the Vulnerability of the French Military While Invading Dover Castle, the Reason Louis VIII Adapted the Attack Strategy to Utilize Undermining in Place of Advancement, the Defensive Fortification the French Military Faced While Invading Dover Castle, the Reason Louis VIII Targeted the Openings of Dover Castle, the Volume of Castle Required to be Removed to Successfully Undermine Dover Castle, How Medieval Sappers (Miners) Erected Tunnels Underground, How Undermining Was Implemented Between the 11th Century A.D. and 15th Century A.D., the Number of Persons and the Time Required to Mine 1 Cubic Meter of Soil and Rock, the Reason Dual Sappers Could Work at the Front of an Undermining Tunnel, the Time Required to Implement an Undermining Strategy, the Strategy the English Military Utilized to Intercept French Sappers, the High Probability of Hand to Hand Combat Within These Tunnels, the Ambiguity of the Discovered Tunnels of Dover Castle During the Modern Day, the Reason Louis VIII Ordered the Construction of Multiple Tunnels Below Dover Castle, the Accelerant Utilized to Burn Tunnel Timber Framing, the Reason Animal Fat Was Utilized, the Impact of the French Military’s Undermining Strategy, the Result of the Successful Breach of Dover Castle by the French Military, the Reason the English Military Was Able to Overpower the French Military Once Dover Castle Had Been Breached, the English Military Successfully Repelling the French Military From Breaching Dover Castle, the English Military Plugging the Gap Created During This Breach, the Result of the Siege of Dover Castle Post Multiple Months of Siege, Louis VIII Neglecting the French State to Focus Upon the Siege of Dover Castle, Louis VIII Meeting With de Burgh to Negotiate an Armistice (Temporary Peace Agreement) Contract, the Reason Louis VIII Agreed to an Armistice Contract, the Death of John and the Person Who Replaced Him, Louis VIII Returning to France Post the Failure of the Siege of Dover Castle, No French Monarch Posing a Threat to England Since Louis VIII, the Role of Dover Castle During Conflicts Throughout History and the Modern Day, and the Inability of Foreign Powers to Capture and Hold Possession of Dover Castle