The Islamic Ottoman Garden, the Indian Mughal Garden, and the Empires of These States: The Names of “Türkiye” Throughout History, the Etymology of “Istanbul, Türkiye” (To/In the City), the City at the Center of the Ottoman Empire for 5 Centuries, the Economic Cost of a Dutch Tulip Bulb During the 17th Century, the First Economic Bubble in History, the Annual Blooming of Tulips Within Istanbul, the Symbolism of the Tulip for the Ottoman Turks, the Tulip Variation Desired by the Ottoman Turks, the Concept of “Breaking” for Tulips, the Difficulty of Breeding Tulips With Breaking Striations, the Causation of Tulip Breaking Striations, the Reason the Turkish Climate Provided the Ideal Environment for the Tulip Breaking Pathogen, the Requirement of Virtually Every Person Entering into Topkapı Saray (Cannon Gate Palace), the Public View of the Ottoman Sultan During the Early 16th Century, the Origin of the Ottoman Empire, the Ancient Greek Site Topkapı Saray Was Constructed Atop, the Ottoman Turk Method of Introducing Nature into Architecture, the Traditional Colors of Turkish Tile Manufacturing, the Reason Flowers and Plants are Often Displayed Within Islamic Artwork, the Culture Which Developed the Çinili Köşk (Tiled Kiosk), the Origin of Modern Day Park Pavilions and Gazebos, the Design Layout of Topkapı Saray, the Islamic Dynasty Which Ruled India for 3 Centuries, the Size of the Mughal Empire at its Zenith, the Mughal Strategy for Invading and Occupying Pakistan and Northern India, Islamic Garden vs Mughal Garden, the Tomb Created for Indian Emperor Mirza Nasir al-Din Muhammad (Humayun), the Superstitious Beliefs of Nasir al‑Din Muhammad, the Etymology of “Humayun” (Fortunate/Auspicious/Blessed), the Personality Description of Nasir al‑Din Muhammad, the Schizophrenic Exile and Coronation of Nasir al‑Din Muhammad, the Death of Nasir al‑Din Muhammad, the Person Who Constructed Nasir al‑Din Muhammad’s Tomb, the Placement of Nasir al‑Din Muhammad Within the Majmaʿ Ḍarīḥ Humāyūn (Complex of Humayun’s Tomb), the Person Who Designed the Majmaʿ Ḍarīḥ Humāyūn, Indian Influence Within the Design of the Majmaʿ Ḍarīḥ Humāyūn, the Importance of Persian Culture and Language for Mughal Monarchs, the Origin of the Language of Urdu, the Farsi (Persian) and Urdu (Pakistan) Term for “Paradise Garden”, the Symbolism of the Channels of Water Beneath the Majmaʿ Ḍarīḥ Humāyūn, the Main Concept the Mughal’s Exported into Foreign Gardens, the Garden of the Majmaʿ Ḍarīḥ Humāyūn During the 16th Century vs the Garden of the Majmaʿ Ḍarīḥ Humāyūn During the Modern Day, the Reason the Majmaʿ Ḍarīḥ Humāyūn Has European Grass, Trees, and Hedges During the Modern Day, the Use of the Perimeter Channels Surrounding the Majmaʿ Ḍarīḥ Humāyūn During the Period vs the Use of the Perimeter Channels Surrounding the Majmaʿ Ḍarīḥ Humāyūn During the Modern Day, the Secondary Use of the Tents of the Majmaʿ Ḍarīḥ Humāyūn During the 16th Century, the Oldest Tomb Garden and One of the Best Preserved Mughal Gardens, the Capital City of the Mughal Empire, the Period When the Gates to the Taj Mahal (Crown of the Palace) Mausoleum Open Each Day, the Person Who Constructed the Taj Mahal, the Spiritual Garden the Taj Mahal is Designed to Represent, the Length of Time Required and the Number of Craftspeople Required to Produce the Quranic Calligraphy of the Taj Mahal, the Original Garden Design of the Taj Mahal, the Changes Made to the Taj Mahal Garden Design During the Modern Day, the Original Intent for the View of the Taj Mahal, the Imprisonment of Pakistani Emperor Mirza Shahab-ud-Din Baig Muhammad Khan Khurram (Shah Jahan), Control of Agra, India Fluctuating Between Empires Each Century, the Person Who Ordered the Removal of the Bushes, Shrubs, and Trees of the Garden of the Taj Mahal, the Discovery of the Kala Taj (Black Crown) Mausoleum During the 20th Century, the Garden Discovered by Scientists After Locating the Kala Taj, the Concept of “Mehtab Bagh” (Moonlight Garden), the Mehtab Bagh of the Taj Mahal Complex, the Object the Mughals Sat Upon While Relaxing Within the Garden, the Reason Pieces of the Garden Were Brought Indoors During Autumn and Winter Within India During the 16th Century, the Person Who Imported Carpet Weaving into India, the Resource Utilized to Produce Carpets Within India, Indian Carpet Weavers Using 16th Century Tools During the Modern Day, the Reason Floral Patterns Became Unfashionable Within India During the 19th Century, Carpet Weavers Utilizing the Taj Mahal for Inspiration, the Original Intent of Qasr‑e Sāmōde (Palace of Samode), the Reason Water is Virtually Never Crossed With Plants Within Tomb Gardens, and the Reason the Qasr‑e Sāmōde Gardens Were Constructed

For nearly 1000 years, Istanbul, Turkey was referred to as “Byzantium” (pronounced “biz-ann-tee-um”), then changed to “Constantinople” (pronounced “con-stan-tin-oh-pull”) and finally was renamed “Istanbul”. When the Muslims took control in 1453, they renamed the city “Istanbul” which means “city of Islam” in Arabic from the terms “Islam” and “bol” however it is believed that the name originally traces back to the Greek etymology “is timˈbolin” which means “in the city” or “to the city” in Greek....


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