The Legal and Illegal Gold Trade and Its Associated Markets and the Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining: The Number of Gold Miners World Wide, the Location Thousands of Migrant Workers Have Migrated to in an Effort to Mine Gold During the Modern Day, the Causation of This Mass Migration, Gold Mining Becoming Profitable in the Most Inaccessible Areas of Developing States, Corporations Paying Governments World Wide to Mine for Gold, the Ascendence of Illicit Gold Mining and Criminal Cartels, the Reason Illicit Gold Mining is Difficult to Combat Within South America, the World’s Largest Producers of the Coca Plant (Cocaine), the Destruction Rate of the Rio Madre de Dios River (River Mother of God) Every 2 Years Due to Gold Mining, the Reason Gold Mining Destroys the Fertility of the Amazon Rainforest, the Reason the Rio Madre de Dios Has Shifted From Being Pristine to Becoming a Barren Wasteland in Multiple Regions, How Illicit Peruvian Gold Mining is Connected to the Legal World Wide Gold Industry, the Total Economic Value of All Gold Exported From Peru Annually, How Illicit Gold From Peru is Transferred Through South America and Into European and African Gold Markets, the Majority of Illicit Gold Passing Through One of the World’s Largest Smelting Refineries, the Reason it is Virtually Impossible to Trace the Origin, History, and Transport of Gold, the Reason Gold Cannot be Traced After Having Been Smelted With Other Gold, the Only Way to Stop Illicit Gold From Being Sold Within Legal Gold Markets, the Reason Jewelry Manufacturers Do Not Know Where Their Gold is Sourced From, Consumers Not Understanding the Origin, History, or Transport of Their Gold, a Single Piece of Jewelry Possibly Containing Gold From Around the World, the Health Impact of Exposure to Silica Dust During the Gold Mining Process, the Reason Silicosis Develops After Exposure to Silica Dust, the Prognosis of Silicosis Once Having Developed, the Country Which Eclipsed South Africa as the World’s Leading Gold Producer and the Total Economic Value This Country Produces Annually Via the Trade of Gold, the Impact of the Second Congo War (1998 – 2003) (Africa’s World War) (Great War of Africa) Upon the Democratic Republic of Congo During the 21st Century, the Reason the Democratic Republic of Congo’s Gold Mines Have Become Violently Contested During the Modern Day, Armed Militias Refusing to Mine Gold Within the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Strategies Utilized by Armed Militias Within the Democratic Republic of Congo to Generate Income, the U.S. Government’s Response to This Problem, the Reason the Impact of This U.S. Legislative Policy is Relatively Unknown, How Illicit Gold Mining Operations Covertly Contaminate the World Gold Market With Illicit Gold, the Concept of “Artisanal Gold Mining”, How Artisanal Gold Mining Acts as a Catalyst for Socioeconomic Mobility, the Largest Problem With Small Scale Gold Mining Operations and the Most Powerful Neurotoxin Upon Earth, the Reason the Use of Mercury Within Small Scale Gold Mining Operations Impacts Gold Miners as Well as the Local Community, the Cause of Minamata Disease, the Etymology of “Minamata Disease”, the Impact of Mercury Being Released into the Environment by Japanese Chemical Manufacturer the Chisso Corporation Between 1932 – 1968, the Length of Time Prior to Scientists Discovering the Cause of Minamata Disease, the Total Volume of Mercury Released into the Rio Madre de Dios Annually, the Largest Contributor to Mercury Pollution World Wide, the Reason Mercury Pollution Transitions From Being a Local Problem to a Global Problem, the Apex Predators of the World’s Oceans Highly Concentrated With Mercury, the Number of Countries Which Signed the Minamata Convention On Mercury in 2013, the Effect of the Minamata Convention On Mercury Upon Artisanal Gold Mining, How Government’s Are Responding to Illicit Gold Mining Operations World Wide, the Reaction of Illicit Gold Mining Operations to This Governmental Response and the Reason for This, How Technology is Being Leveraged to Modernize Traditional Gold Mining Strategies, the Efficacy of This Technology for Gold Mining, the Reason Mercury Continues to be Utilized for Gold Mining Around the World, the Advantage of Utilizing Traditional Gold Mining Strategies With Modern Day Technologies, the Benefit and Disbenfit of Utilizing Mercury for Gold Mining, the Country Responsible for 25% of All Gold Traded World Wide, the Number of Gold Refineries Within Dubai’s Jebel Ali Free Zone (Jafza) Free Trade Zone, the Largest Gold Refinery Within Dubai During the Modern Day, the Reason Dubai Acts as a Large Illicit Gold Trade Nexus for the International Gold Industry, the Examination Gold Traders Are Subjected to When Entering Dubai With Gold Bullion (Gold/Silver Bars), the Legal Loop Hole Exploited Within This System, the Benefit of Accepting a Flight With a Layover Within the Dubai Gold Market, the Reason Illicit Smugglers Work With Volumes of Gold Greater Than 1 Kilogram, How Illicit Smugglers Import and Export Gold Across State Borders, the Authority of National Border Checkpoint Guards During the Evening and Night vs the Authority National Border Checkpoint Guards During the Day Within This System of Import/Export Management, the Payment Some Checkpoint Guards Illicitly Accept From Illicit Smugglers and the Total Volume of Gold Typically Smuggled in a Single Attempt, How International War Lords Have Generated Billions of Dollars From Dubai, the Reason Auditing Organizations Sometimes Collude With Gold Refineries to Falsify Records, the Treatment of Workers Who Refuse to Participate Within This Illicit Activity, the Person Who Discovered Fraudulent Transactions Between Dubai Diversified Precious Metals Corporation Kaloti Precious Metals and Illicit Gold Mining Operations Within the Democratic Republic of Congo, Dubai Auditor Amjad Rihan Pressured by Kaloti Precious Metals and English Accounting Firm Ernst & Young to Fraudulently Falsify Records, How Rihan and His Family Escaped Dubai, the Impact of This Discovery of Fraud for Kaloti Precious Metals, the Reason Rihan is Unable to Migrate Back to Dubai, Rihan’s Case Acting as an Example of Why Regulation and Audits Are Necessary Within the Gold Industry, Kaloti Precious Metals Constructing One of the Largest Gold Refineries in the World, the Year Fair Trade Gold Became Accredited, the Expectations of Fair Trade Gold Mining Operations, the Number of Jewelry Manufacturers World Wide Which Have Committed to Fair Trade Gold, the Paper Trail of Fair Trade Gold Mining Operations, the Reason Some Gold Manufacturers Pay More for Fair Trade Gold, the Argument for Purchasing Fair Trade Gold Exclusively, the Total Economic Contribution of Fair Trade Artisanal Gold Mining, the Novel Gold Commodity Available to Investors Around the World, the Ultimate Goal of the Exchange Traded Funds Dedicated to Artisanal Gold Mining, Major Financial Investing Firms Within the U.S. and the England Supporting the Exchange Traded Funds Dedicated to Artisanal Gold Mining, and the Benefit of Artisanal Gold Mining for Impoverished Rural Communities